[0:08]Welcome to my YouTube channel HSE Crew. In this video, we will look at lecture two of Nebosh IGC IG1, and in this, we will basically cover some topics of Element 1.1.
[0:19]which are Morals and Money, Barriers to Good HSE Standards, and Why Manage Health and Safety. Already, we have seen the introduction of Nebosh IGC in the previous video.
[0:27]In this, we saw which are the basic course content of Nebosh IGC, what is their passing criteria, what is the exam criteria, and how many marks do we need to pass, or which points are such that they can lead to a refer in IGC 1 or IGC 2.
[0:49]If you have not seen this video, then you can scroll down in this playlist and watch Lecture 1 Nebosh IGC IG1 series. Let's move on to the next slide, there is a humble note, the main purpose of this Nebosh IGC Lecture series is just to convey the knowledge in simple wording so beginners can understand what they can do after attempting Nebosh IGC.
[1:13]If you found this video helpful, at the end of this video, do share, do comment and like on the video and also subscribe to the channel. Now, in this video, we will start IGC's, as I already told you, Element 1: Why We Should Manage Workplace Health and Safety. Why do we have to manage health and safety at any workplace?
[1:34]So, the learning objectives that we have for Element 1 are: Discuss the moral, social and financial reasons for managing health and safety in the workplace.
[1:52]Explain how health and safety is regulated and the consequences of non-compliance. Simply, how do health and safety rules and regulations basically work?
[2:00]And if any company, any organization does not follow these rules or regulations, what can be the disadvantages of non-compliance, that is, contradicting the rules, not following the rules, we will see this. Summarize the main health and safety duties of different groups of people at work.
[2:13]Meaning, what are the roles and responsibilities of different levels of groups such as top management, middle management, and then workers, according to health and safety? Next, we will see, Explain how contractors should be selected, monitored and managed.
[2:30]Simply, who is a contractor? A company or a group or a person whom we hire for a short-term project. In common parlance or in simple language, call him a contractor, whom we hire for a short-term contract, and as soon as that task is over, their contract also ends. So, we will see how a contractor is selected.
[2:57]How they are managed on site and how they are monitored and measured so that health and safety rules are followed during the work and any bad incident or accident is avoided. Now we will start Element 1.1, that is Morals and Money.
[3:17]Meaning, simply, what is the moral reason to manage health and safety and what is the financial reason to manage health and safety? We will see this. So, let's move on to the next slide, first, we will look at some basic terminologies or basic definitions.
[3:30]First, we have the definition of Health - absence of disease or ill health. It is called health. Simply, if you are not sick, then you are a healthy person, a healthy worker. Safety - absence of risk of serious personal injury. Meaning, at any site, if there is no apprehension, no probability of anyone getting hurt, then we will say that it is safe and work is being done safely.
[3:54]Next comes Welfare. Welfare basically is access to basic facilities. What are the basic facilities for workers at any site? Drinking water, that is, filtered cold drinking water should be available. Rest shelters should be available, toilets should be available, hand wash stations should be available, then mess hall should be available.
[4:10]All these things, what do we call them, basic welfare facilities? So, it also comes under the domain of health and safety that workers should be provided with appropriate welfare facilities according to the worker strength, how many number of workers are working on a site. Next, we move on to Group Exercise.
[4:30]Why might the management of an organization not consider health and safety to be a priority? Simply, what is it that health and safety is not given priority? Just as in any business, profitability, quantity of production, quality of production are focused more rather than focusing on health and safety, so simply this is a group exercise that why health and safety is not focused in any organization?
[4:54]So, key points include: Competes with other business aims: Requires time and resources. Meaning, the biggest reason is that other business objectives, that is, to manage health and safety, require time, resources, that is, finance, so there can be a financial reason or a time constraint, due to which health and safety is not focused.
[5:18]Next comes Seen as a 'cost' to business: Ignorance of true costs of injury/illness. Simply, finance is one of the major reasons why health and safety is not managed on site because the employer tries to produce more product with less money, to produce good quality product, which increases its profitability, so cost is a major factor in not managing health and safety on any site.
[5:44]Ignorance of legal duties. That the site, whatever organization it is, is ignoring legal duties, that's why they are not managing it. Ignorance of hazards, meaning that the organization, the company knows what hazards are on their site, they are just ignoring them. So these are the basic things due to which health and safety is not managed in any organization.
[6:07]Next we have, continuing this, Barriers to Good Health and Safety Standards. What are barriers? Such things that hinder health and safety on site, become barriers, so what can those things be? Complexity of the workplace. Meaning, the workplace is very complex. Machines are placed very close to each other, the pathways are very narrow.
[6:25]It is not possible to properly manage health and safety there, so the complexity of the workplace is a major barrier towards managing health and safety. Conflicting demands: What are conflicting demands? Those that conflict with the company's profitability, we call them conflicting demands, such as time scale, you can say time pressure, that a big order has been received, so now if health and safety is followed, rules are followed, then we will not be able to deliver the product in that time window, in that time span.
[6:53]So this can be a major issue. Standards. Meaning, it is becoming difficult for the company to meet the standards. That's why they are not following them. Budget. We have already talked about it that finance is a major reason due to which companies are not managing health and safety, so budget issue can be there, this problem is more in small companies, multinational or large groups, they can easily manage health and safety, team, resources, time, all things they can allocate.
[7:23]But for small companies, it becomes a little difficult to provide these things. Behavioral issues: People failing to act as desired, or making mistakes. Simply, what is it that sometimes, even after having all things, worker behaviors are negative. They behave negatively towards health and safety and do not follow health and safety rules and precautions.
[7:40]Next we have, Why Manage Health and Safety? That we have to manage health and safety on site, why? So, basically there are three major reasons to manage health and safety. If anyone asks you a question, why is the health and safety department necessary?
[7:54]Why should health and safety be managed? Why should health and safety be focused? So, there are three basic reasons. One is Moral reasons, meaning ethical responsibility. It is the moral responsibility of an employer, an employer's moral ethical responsibility is that as workers are coming on the site, they will leave the site at the end of the shift safely as they were coming on the shift.
[8:14]Meaning, simply, this is an ethical responsibility of a company that just as workers are coming to the site safely, safe, sound, healthy, they should go back safely, healthy, happy after completing the shift, after earning bread and butter for their family.
[8:28]Rather than getting hurt, no society will like that company where frequent accidents are happening, people are getting hurt frequently, so this is a moral responsibility that health and safety should be managed. Next we have Legal (or social) reasons. So, there are some legal implications on all the businesses.
[8:43]In any country, the businesses that are happening, there are some legal implications on them that you have to manage health and safety. These are minimum level of standards, you cannot breach them. These are the laws and if you do not follow the laws, then you will have to bear the consequences of non-compliance.
[9:03]Next we have Economic (or financial) reasons to manage health and safety. In this, we will see direct cost, indirect cost, insured cost, and uninsured cost. Simply, if any accident happens, then money or finances are involved in it. Loss of material can happen, loss of machinery can happen, loss of person can happen, loss of equipment, plant, meaning in short, we can say that any accident that happens, it will directly or indirectly cause financial loss to the company.
[9:30]To avoid all these losses, basically there are three main reasons. One is moral reason, second one is financial reason, and third one is legal reason, due to which we have to manage health and safety on site. Next comes The Moral Reason for Managing Health and Safety.
[9:44]We will see what is the moral, that is, ethical responsibility for managing health and safety. So, there are some statistics of ILO. What is ILO basically? ILO stands for International Labor Organization. All over the world, health and safety rules and worker rights are worked for by the International Labor Organization, and several statistics are published by it.
[10:05]And we have its rules and regulations in the form of conventions and recommendations published, and they are followed by several other countries, including Pakistan, they have adopted their health and safety standards, such as C155 and R164, in their legal structure, meaning it is part of our law. So, basically ILO, which we have, publishes some statistics regarding moral reason, which we can call. Over 350,000 work-related fatal accidents each year.
[10:35]It reports that 350,000 fatal accidents occur. What are fatal accidents? In which a person's body part is lost, meaning permanent disability occurs, or a person dies. Now, multiple casualties can also happen, multiple people can also die. So, 350,000, and these are those accidents that are reported to ILO. Many such accidents are there which are not reported to ILO.
[11:00]2.75 million work-related fatalities each year. 1 million stands for 10 lakh. Simply, 27 lakh 50 thousand people die every year in accidents that happen due to health and safety ignorance. This means that 27 lakh 50 thousand families suffer due to not managing health and safety on the workplace.
[11:24]2.4 million fatalities from occupational diseases. What is an occupational disease? A disease that you get due to your work, that is called occupational disease. I will give a simple example. For example, a person's hearing is lost due to any infection in the ear, that is called infection-induced hearing loss. But if a person was working in a generator room, working in a compressor area, where there was high noise, and after a certain time period, his hearing, his hearing ability is lost, hearing loss occurs, that is called noise-induced hearing loss. So, that hearing loss that he got due to his work, that is called occupational disease.
[11:59]So, 2.4 million people's occupational diseases, such as cancer can be a basic reason, lung problems or asthma can happen, due to which death occurs, meaning 24 lakh people die in diseases caused by work. Next is 270 million accidents and 160 million diseases a year due to work. Simple is that, these are very high statistics.
[12:26]Multiply 270 million with 10 lakhs, 160 million diseases, meaning if health and safety is not managed, then this leads to a very big loss. It spoils families, it spoils workers. Skilled labor is wasted, skilled workers are wasted. So, to avoid this, it is the responsibility of the employer to maintain health and safety, follow the standards, follow the rules so that minimum loss can occur, minimum incidents and accidents can occur, minimum diseases workers, worker diseases suffer.
[12:59]Next is 4% of global GDP is lost. It's a big amount. What is GDP? Gross Domestic Product. Whatever products are being made in a country, that is called the GDP of that country. If we talk worldwide, starting from a pin to a spaceship, whatever things are being made, if its 4% is lost, it means that for our planet Earth, this is a very big loss that gets lost in incidents and accidents due to not managing health and safety. So, this tells us that there should be moral responsibility that all these losses, all these things should be avoided on site and health and safety should be managed.
[13:37]Next we have a group exercise. An employee at your workplace has been seriously injured in a workplace accident. In groups, list the possible effects and implications of this accident on the: injured employee, company, and line manager. Meaning, what will be the effects of that accident on the injured employee, what will be the losses on the company, and what effects will come on the line manager? We will discuss this group exercise. Let's see one by one. Effects on Injured Employee.
[14:04]What can happen to an injured employee? Pain and suffering, definitely he will get hurt, pain and suffering will happen. Loss of time and wages, his time will be wasted and he might have an interruption in his wages, what he is earning. Impact on family, definitely if a single person is earning bread in the house, is the sole breadwinner, then definitely his family will also suffer after that accident. On-going impact on work, might be he gets some disability, some amputation, due to which there is an on-going impact on his work for the lifetime.
[14:36]Next is Effect on the company: Payment of sick pay. What is sick pay? When a worker gets hurt or gets sick, he is not coming to the site, but his pay is being given to him, that is called sick pay, so it is a loss for the company that a person is not coming to work, but his pay has to be given. Next is overtime cover for employee.
[14:53]When an accident happens in a shift, then to complete the pending work in that shift, other workers are kept for more time, overtime payment to those workers is also a loss for the company. Recruitment costs for replacement. If a person is hurt, has a disability, or has died, or has left the company after that accident, then the cost of hiring a replacement for him will also be borne by the company. Insurance claims / Excess, insurance excess will have to be paid.
[15:21]What is insurance excess basically? When a company gets its insurance from another insurance company, then basically in that, the agreement is, first there is an insurance premium, which it has to pay to that company for five years, for example. We take a car, we get it insured. The car, for example, is of 5 million. Its insurance, for example, is 3 lakhs. We pay 3 lakhs for five years, that is called insurance premium. In case of any accident, the insurance company will pay 80% and 20% will be paid by the owner of the car or the owner of the company. That 20% is called insurance excess, so the company will have to pay insurance excess in case of any accident.
[16:02]After that, we have fines and prosecutions. Definitely, whenever there is a major accident in the company, then the state will fine the company, or court and court proceedings will have to be faced, so that is also a loss for the company. Next, Increased insurance premiums. A company in which accidents are happening repeatedly, it has to pay more insurance premium. Meaning, if a car is new, its insurance premium is less, when that car runs for five years, its insurance premium increases, meaning the fixed amount that we have to give them for five years, its amount varies. So, a company in which more accidents happen, their insurance premium will also increase.
[16:41]Next, Effect on the line manager: What effects will come on the line manager under whom that person was working? Loss of skills from team. A skilled, a competent person who was working, now suddenly he is hurt, he is not coming to the site, so a competent person will leave his team, then definitely he will have to work harder, or he will have to explain to other people, or he will have to train the new person who has come, he will have to give him more time, so that is also a loss for him. Time and cost of retraining replacement, definitely, the person who has come in his place, a person who was working for five years, in his place a new person has come, then definitely the line manager will have to explain to him, tell him, train him, he will have to give him more time, so that is also a loss for him. Effect of overtime cover on shifts, definitely, the progress of every line manager is being checked that how many expenses are coming in his shift. And how much production is coming in his shift? So, definitely, when people are stopped for overtime, then more finance will be involved in his shift, then what will happen that we will have a negative impact on that line manager. Reputation of line manager, definitely, the line manager whose shift has more accidents, his reputation will be damaged. Problems can come in his promotions or his increments. So, these are the things that a line manager will face in case of any accident. I hope you got some good, some points I tried to explain in detail in this video that what is insurance premium, what is insurance excess, whatever point came, we discussed it in detail because we are at the start of the book, we are starting, so we will discuss them in deep, in detail so that a good concept can be formed. In the exam and to understand other things, to understand practical things, it can be helpful. Stay tuned for the upcoming video. In lecture number three, we will continue Element 1.1 itself, and in this, we will discuss the financial reason to manage health and safety, direct cost and indirect cost of the accident, insured cost and uninsured cost of the accident. Stay tuned for that upcoming video. If you found this video helpful, if you got some good information, if you got some good explanation starting from Element 1.1, the topics that we have covered, then do comment on the video, share the video, and also if you are new to the channel, subscribe to my channel. Thank you very much. Stay tuned for the upcoming video.
