[0:00]Hello everybody, myself Digraj Singh Rajput, welcome to Magnet Brains. Is video me hum kya padhne wale hain? Is video me hum padhenge Nationalism and Imperialism. Nationalism aur Imperialism. Ab dekhiye, ye dono shabd alag-alag hain. In dono ka difference aapko is video ko dekhne ke baad me samajh mein aayega aur aapko jo pura Balkans wala conflict tha ya fir Balkan region me kya hua, kaise hua, adhiktar confusion rehta hai. Ye sara sab kuch samajh me aa jayega. Toh, ye sara sab kuch hum is video me discuss karne wale hain. Isse pichle video me humne kya padha tha? Isse pichle video me humne padha tha visualizing visualizing the nation wala part. Jisme humne dekha tha kis tarah se allegory ki madad se, ek nation ko face diya gaya tha. Matlab, adhiktar kya kiya jata tha jo abstract idea hota tha, use desh ki kaise ek image banai jaye. Wo female allegory ke through humne samjha tha kaise hota hai, Germania ko samjha tha jaise jo Germany ki thi. Toh, lagbhag-lagbhag hamara chapter pura complete ho chuka hai. Ye last video hai, last section hai. Iske baad me hum ek frequently asked questions wala video aur banayenge isi chapter par jisme hum discuss karenge kya questions puche ja sakte hain. Toh, start karte hain is cheez ko. Dekhiye, do shabd hain Nationalism aur Imperialism. Ab Nationalism kya hota hai Imperialism kya hota hai ise bataiye mujhe. Nationalism simple sa term hai, bahut seedhi si baat, seedha sa term hai jo hum pure chapter me padhte aaye hain Nationalism in India me padha hai humne, ki desh me kya hona, desh ke prati prem hona, ek nationalist feeling develop karwana jiske chalte aap kya chahte hain jiske chalte aap aapki country ko sarvopari mante hain, theek na, sabse upar mante hain. Toh, wo Nationalism ho gaya. Ab Imperialism usse kuch alag hai. Imperialism kya hai? Ye bhi mai samjhata hu. Toh isko sabse pehle ek example dekhiye aap. Example kya hota hai? Example ke hisab se maan lijiye do cases hain. Aapke padosee hain, aapke padosee ke yaha unke bacche hain, theek, aur aap aapke ghar me aapke mata-pita ke bacche ho.
[2:40]Abhi kya hota hai, agar aapke padosee agar ye bole ki unhe unka baccha sabse accha lagta hai, theek hai, bahut sahi baat hai, Nationalism wali feeling aa gayi, matlab, theek waha pe relate kar lena. Lekin, agar wo bolte hain ki unhi ka baccha sabse accha hai, dusro ke bacche acche nahi hain, toh wo Imperialism ho gaya. Aaya samajh mein? Toh, waise kya hai ki Britain hai, Britain ye bol raha hai ki the country is powerful, unki country powerful hai, unki country acchi hai, saari cheeze hain, unki country se wo bahut prem karte hain. Theek hai, sab kuch hum justified manenge, wo Nationalism ki feeling hai unke liye. Jaise India ke liye hum bolte hain na ki hamari country ki team sabse acchi hai, hamari country ki army sabse acchi hai, hum hamari country ki army se bahut pyar karte hain, toh ye saari cheeze kya ho gayi Nationalism ho gayi. Lekin ab agar hum ye bolte hain ki kya nahi, jaise hamare baju me Bhutan hai, maan lo, toh hum bolte hain ki nahi Bhutan ke upar hum kabza karenge, Bhutan hamare under me rahega, toh wo Imperialism ki tendency ho gayi. Toh yahi cheez waha pe us samay pe evolve ho rahi thi, do factors rehte the. Toh Britain apne desh ko prem kare, wo apne desh ki growth ke liye matlab kamnayein kare, toh wo saari cheeze justified hain, that is their nationalist feeling. Lekin agar wo kya karte hain, wo is tarike se India ke upar aa jaate, kabza kar lete, aur bolte hain ki nahi Britain powerful hai aur Britain sabse powerful hai, Britain kabza karke rakhega India pe, toh wo Imperialism ki feeling ho gayi. Aaya samajh me Nationalism aur Imperialism me Imperialism me difference, toh yahi cheez yaha pe dekhne ko mili. Jab humne chapter start kiya tha, toh Nationalism in Europe padha. Nationalism in Europe me dekha humne ki har country me apne-apne nationalist sentiments jaage, nationalist sentiments jagne ke baad me unhone kya kara, apne desh ko azaad karwaya, justified hai yaha tak. Unhone bahut accha kiya ki desh me nationalist forces badhi jaise India me bhi nationalist forces jab ikattha hui hain, jab ek saath aaye saare log tab jaake kahi azaadi mili. Toh, wahi cheez waha pe bhi hui hai ki nationalist forces ikattha hoti hai, ek saath aati hai aur azaadi milti hai. Lekin kya hota hai ki baad me jab sab nations ban gaye, toh wo fir wo nations kya karte hain, ek dusre ko dominate karne ki koshish karte hain. Wo apni imperialist tendencies ko impose karne ki koshish karte hain, toh wo Imperialism ka example ho gaya. Aaya samajh me? Is tarah se Nationalism aur Imperialism me difference hai aur ye shift kaise dekhne ko mili? Ye shift isi tarah se dekhne ko mili hai ki shuruat me sabne azaadi paayi, waha tak bahut acchi baat hai. Lekin wo azaadi paane ke baad me kya karne lage wo log? Wo azaadi paane ke baad me wo dominance establish karne ki koshish karne lage. Badi countries choti countries ko darane lagi, dabane lagi, toh wo imperialist forces thi.
[5:07]Toh jaise uska classical example ye bhi samajh sakte ho ki Britain jaise humne kal strange case of Britain me padha tha pichle videos me toh usme aapko maine ye samjhaya tha, kya? Ki Britain jo hai toh Britain nationalist feeling emerge hoti hai, wo as a nation ban evolve ho jata hai. Lekin wo nationalist feeling ke saath-saath me dheere se kya hote jata hai, Imperialist hote jata hai. Imperialist kaise hote jata hai? Fir wo dusri countries ke upar jaise India ke upar South Africa ke upar dominance establish karne ki koshish karta hai, ye sara sab kuch. Ye clear ho gaya yaha tak aapko? Abhi hum ye shift bhi samajh aa gayi kaise countries dheere-dheere kya hoti hai European areas me European continent me nationalist se imperialist ki tendency ki taraf shift kar rahi thi. Ab Balkans wala samjhata hu mai aapko. Balkans kya hai? Dekhiye, toh Balkans hai the Balkans were the region of geographical and ethnic variation. Ab sabse pehle mai aapko samjhata hu, jaise jo Mediterranean Sea hai World Map me dekhiyega, Europe me jo Mediterranean Sea hai jo yaha idhar kahi Asia se bhi laga hua hai, upar Europe se laga hua hai. Toh ye Mediterranean Sea ke aas-paas ki kuch countries hain, toh ye geographical area ho gaya. Variation of matlab variation in geographical area ye aapko samajh aa gaya ki alag-alag tarah se geographically situated jo area tha aur ethnic variation kya hota hai, ethnic variation matlab waha ke jo rehne wale log the. Toh un logo ki ethnicity alag-alag thi, un logo ka culture alag tha, un logo me differences the, theek. Toh, ye jo area tha pura, ise Balkan kaha jata tha Mediterranean Sea ke aas-paas Europe aur Asia ki border pe jo pura area tha. Toh, is area ko Balkan kaha jata tha jo aaj ke samay me jaise jo Romania hai, Bulgaria hai, Albania hai, Greece hai, Macedonia hai, Croatia hai aur aisi bahut saari jo countries hain waha aas-paas, un saari countries se ne mil ke kya banaya tha? Balkan region banaya tha. Ab ye jo Balkan region hai, is Balkan ko Balkan region kyu kaha jata hai? Kyu ki yaha pe bahut zyada ethnic variations the aur bahut zyada alag-alag kya thi geographical matlab ye ye jo pura geographical area tha, isme ethnic variations the is karan se ise Balkan region kaha jata hai. Abhi kya hota hai, toh ye Balkan region jo tha toh shuruat me kiske under me tha Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire humne bahut baar discuss kar chuke hain jo Turkey present day Turkey hai toh Turkey ke aas-paas wala jo area tha jaha pe Islamic rule chala karta tha, toh wo Ottoman Empire tha. Ab Ottoman Empire shuru bahut lambe samay se chal raha tha, shuruat me bahut powerful tha wo, lekin jaise-jaise Ottoman Empire jo tha ye Ottoman Empire pure Balkan region pe rule karta tha. Ye hamara jo pura area tha, toh Balkan region pe kaun rule karta tha? Ottoman Empire. Ab jaise-jaise kya hone laga ki Ottoman Empire kamzor hone laga, disintegrate hone laga, aane wale rulers jo the Ottoman Empire ke wo kamzor hote chale gaye. Toh us disintegration ke chalte kya hota hai, many countries broke away and declared independence. Toh ye jo Balkan region me jo saari countries hum aaj dekh rahe hain present day Balkan region me, toh ye countries kya hone lagi, apne aap ko, apni independence ko assert karne lagi, theek hai na. They they started declaring themselves independent, toh ye independence ko assert karne lagi, apne aap ko independent declare karne lagi ye Slavs ka ho gaya, theek hai.
[8:41]Abhi kya hota hai, toh countries broke away and declared independence, ye log apne aap ko azaadi dilane lage, ab azaadi dilane ke saath-saath me kya hua? Wo imperialist forces ab badhti ja rahi thi logo ke dimag me. Toh ye azaad toh ho gaye nationalist force ke saath me, lekin ye kya soch rahe the ki zyada se zyada territory kabza kar le hum, taaki kya rahe hamare paas zyada resources rahe. Toh, is area me ek matlab, this area become the fertile ground for conflicts, theek hai, matlab conflicts ke liye ek bahut fertile ground ban gaya, yaha pe adhiktar ladai jhagde hote rehte the. Kyu? Kyu ki saari jo nayi-nayi countries Ottoman Empire ke disintegration ke baad me kamzor hone ke baad me evolve ho rahi thi, toh ye zyada se zyada territory koshish hasil karne ki koshish karti thi. Koshish ki jaati thi inke dwara ki wo zyada se zyada jagah ko apne under me le le aur uske chalte kya karte the ye log, aapas me ladte rehte the. Aapas me ladte rehte the, toh all Balkan countries seek to capture more and more territories and the area of intense conflict, and this factor is making this area the area of intense conflict. Toh yaha pe bahut zyada conflict hote rehte the, aapas me ladaiyan chalti rehti thi. Ab jab aapas me bahut zyada ladaiyan chalti rehti hai, toh uska matlab waha tak theek hai, lekin usme jab big powers ne entry li, big powers matlab kaun hai, jaise Germany ho gaya, Austria-Hungary wala jo Empire ho gaya, theek hai, France ho gaya, toh in countries ne jab waha pe entry le li, inke matlab abhi aisa tha jaise kya ho raha hai ki do bacche aapas me lad rahe hain. Ab bacche aapas me lad rahe hain lekin us beech me agar parents bhi entry le lete hain toh baat aur badi ho jaati hai na. Toh, waise ye chhote-chhote countries thi aapas me lad rahi thi Balkan region me kyu ki unhe nayi-nayi azaadi mili thi, wo zyada se zyada apni territory badhana chah rahe the. Lekin ab kya hota hai ki is mauke ko capitalize karne ki koshish kaun karte hain? Big powers, big powers me ye badi-badi jo countries thi jo us samay pe jaise Germany ho gaya, France ho gaya, Austria-Hungary wala jo Empire tha pura wo log. Toh wo log jab entry lete hain, who samajh aa gaya ab ye log ye log kyu entry lete hain? Ye log kyu inke matlab ladai jhagdo me ghuste hain? Toh in logo ke piche in logo ka entry lene ke piche apna apna ek self motive tha. Kya self motive tha? Unhone socha ki jaise maan lo yaha pe koi sa country hai Albania ya fir Greece maan lo, toh Greece ko agar hum support kar dete hain, theek hai, kaun soch rahe the? Ye jo big powers thi. Agar Greece ko support kar dete hum toh usse kya fayda milega pata hai, ki Greece se humare ko wo mil jayegi ek tarah se entrance aur exit mil jayegi. Ki jo Greece se jo judi hui country hai toh wo kya karegi? Greece ki territory use kar sakti hai, sea area use kar sakti hai. Toh apne bol sakte hain self motive ke chakkar me un logo ne kya karna start kar diya ki Balkan region me jo aapas me in logo ki ladai chal rahi thi, toh usme European major powers ne bhi kya karna start kar diya contribution dena apna start kar diya. Toh ab kya ho gayi? Ab ladai sirf inke beech tak nahi reh gayi thi, ab ladai pure Europe me fail gayi thi. Jo badi countries ne inhe support kiya tha, wo badi countries bhi kya karne lagi thi aapas me ek dusre ki rivalry banne lagi thi, ek dusre ka dushman banne lage the. Toh yaha tak aapko samajh aa gaya, conflict kyu ho rahe the? Balkan region kya hai? Ye geographical area hai jaha pe ethnic variations the, waha ke logo ko Slavs kaha jata tha. Aur Ottoman Empire jaise hi disintegrate hone laga toh wo apni azaadi assert karne lagi, ab jab wo apni azaadi assert kar rahe the toh uske chalte kya hua? Wo aapas me ladte-bhadte rehte the. Problem aur kab badh gayi, jab ye jo European big power countries thi, rivalries thi, ye log waha pe enter kar gayi.
[12:45]Toh first world war ho jata hai, ye Balkans ke karan, theek hai, toh ab question yaha pe is tarah se banta hai direct ki Balkans were the reason for first world war, explain. Toh aapko puri kahani batana hai ki jaise Ottoman Empire disintegrate hone laga, uske baad me jo countries thi wo apne aap ko kya karne lagi alag karne lagi, independence assert karne lagi. Toh independence assert karne ke saath-saath me apni territory badhana chah rahi thi, toh aapas me ladti rehti thi, unko support mil gaya ab major powers ka European European major powers ka. Jab European major powers ka support milta hai, toh it lead to a European war and ultimately to the World War. Toh is tarah se World War badh jaati hai. Aa gaya samajh me Balkans wala pura case Nationalism aur Imperialism. Abhi ab ek section aur bacha hai hamara wo hai Anti-Imperial forces. Toh is tarah se kya hota hai Imperialism ki ideology aapko samajh aayi, lekin jo colonies thi, toh Europe me Nationalism kaise start hua, wo Nationalism kaise Imperialism me badal gaya, wo Imperialism ke chalte first world war ho gaya, yaha tak theek hai. Lekin ab jo colonies thi jaise India ho gaya, South Africa ho gaya, toh in colonies me bhi kya ho raha tha? In colonies me bhi Nationalism develop ho raha tha aur jo Nationalism develop ho raha tha, wo kis cheez ke against me ho raha tha? Wo anti-imperialism ke against me ho raha tha. Bade-bade shabd ho gaye kya? Ek baar fir se dekho. Kya tha Imperial forces se koi bhi achut nahi tha, matlab sabhi ko samajh aa gaya tha ki Imperial forces kaisi hoti hai. Britain ki dominance India pe ye example hai us cheez ka ki kya ki kitna exploitation hota tha Imperialist forces ke chalte Imperialist tendency ke chalte. Toh isi Imperialism ke karan iske against me jo counter forces uthi colonies me jaise India me ek colony thi, India me logo ne awaaz uthana chalu kari kiske against me? Imperialism ke against me. Toh use anti-imperialist Imperial forces kaha gaya. Toh ye anti-imperial forces ne kya kara? Colonies me feeling of nationalism ko strong kar diya, matlab jitni bhi colonies hoti thi toh waha pe Nationalism ki feeling is tarah se evolve hone lagi. Ab iske chalte kya hai ki jo colonies thi ya fir keh sakte ho jo third world countries thi jo piche reh gayi thi, toh un logo ke andar bhi nation-state ka idea emerge hone laga. Aur aap dekhenge ki First World War ke baad me bahut saari colonies kya apne aap ko independent declare karne lagti hai. Humare yaha pe bhi independence ke liye jo demand thi wo First World War ke baad me aur tez hone lagi. Toh ye sara sab kuch humne is chapter me padha hai. Is section me aapko Nationalism aur Imperialism ki difference samajh aa gayi hai, Balkans kya the wo samajh aa gaya hai. Ab isi ke saath mera part yaha pe complete hota hai. Theory section maine aapko pura padha diya hai. Ek aur video discuss karenge hum is cheez pe matlab isi chapter pe, wo hoga ki kya questions puche ja sakte hain. What are the frequently asked questions which can be asked from this chapter? This we are going to study in our next video. Is chapter ke notes aap hamari official website magnetbrains.com par bahut aasani se download kar sakte hain. Magnetbrains.com par class fourth se class 12th tak sabhi subjects, sabhi chapters aur sabhi chapters ke subtopics bilkul isi tarah ek arranged format me available honge jinhe aap bahut aasani se padh sakte hain, samajh sakte hain aur download kar sakte hain. Feel free to visit our official website magnetbrains.com. Milte hain next video me, kuch question answers ke saath, thank you, thank you very much.
