[0:00]Okay, the topic start the next caste vs race. You can be asked such a question that what is caste, is the origin of caste in race, that is, if there was a superior race, it became a superior caste. Okay, so many Dalit sociologists believe that it is quite similar that it was seen that one caste, particularly the Brahminical castes, they are white in color and this is what Dalit sociologists say, and as the lower caste, they are dark in color. So, can there be some correlation in this? So, but it is seen in both that race and caste both have social justification of inequality, that you, like, I am giving you an example, M.N. Srinivas is a sociologist of ours, what does he say that even Rigveda, Rigveda is confused that Varna, what is Varna? Varna says is it based on occupation or is it based on color? If I give you an example, if you have read some Sanskrit, then Lord Krishna, what is Lord Krishna's name? Shyam Varna. Shyam Varna means dark in color, Shyam is dark, black in color, Varna is Varna in Sanskrit, so it means Rigveda itself is confused that Varna is occupation, Varna is color, so he also points out that maybe Varna is related to color, it is possible that it has racial genesis. Okay, let's move on, what is the connection between race and caste? Then, natural inequalities are also talked about that many such theories have happened that these are born from birth, so they are born in lower caste, so definitely they have disability or physical disability, not mental disability, that they are not so capable, they cannot talk at such a high level. Similarly, this was called Brahmanism, that Brahmanism was that lower caste could not do some particular work. Okay, and then these both are forms of discrimination, now let's know what some thinkers said, Ghurye, G.S. Ghurye is a very important Indian sociologist, he is also a part of our syllabus, we will study him, he says that caste originated in race itself, he has also done research at many places, he says that the system has mixed a lot now, many interracial, interbreeding has happened, so it is not pure anywhere, but yes, he says that somewhere race and caste are connected, he believes that. B.R. Ambedkar also believes that it is a racial theory that the dark skinned or lower caste people were the original inhabitants of India, Aryans come from outside, Aryans subjugated them and after that the caste system was created, so he says that lower caste are the real Indians. Okay, Dalits are original inhabitants of India. After that, the most important viewpoint we need to know is of Andre Beteille and Dipankar Gupta, what do they believe? They say that there is a lot of difference between the two, there is a lot of historical difference. How do they say it? They elaborate that Brahmanic supremacy has always been there, okay, and Brahmanic supremacy has been there, but Brahmanic supremacy has always been questioned in the form of Jainism, Buddhism, Bhakti movement, people have been questioning it parallely, and they say that Brahmanic supremacy has also been challenged within Brahmanism itself.
[3:26]Okay, even other communities did it, but they say these were not dark in color, their phenotypes were not different, similar phenotypes, so we cannot say that caste and race are the same, okay, and then white supremacy definitely exists, it remained unchallenged for a long time, but caste, what they believe, is a very important line, caste is a dynamic system, caste is not a particular system. Now, because if you again go back to M.N. Srinivas idea, M.N. Srinivas idea was that there is something called dominant caste. He says that we cannot say that only one caste, Brahmins, are at the top everywhere, and Shudras are at the bottom everywhere. No, come to Punjab, Haryana, Jatt and Jaat, they are Shudra community, Shudra means farming community, labor community, and but because they have a lot of land, that is why they have ended up becoming dominant castes. Similarly, Yadavs, Yadavs, they are dominant castes in their respective areas. So, that is why Andre Beteille says that it is not easy to imagine that caste is a dynamic system, race is very static. Race is, if you are fair, you are fair, if you are dark, you are dark, caste keeps going up and down. Okay, so that is why caste says it allows for movement, race does not allow movement, so if you are of a particular kind, if you have Mongoloid features, then that's it, you can't change it. Okay, so that is why they say caste is more complex than race, okay, and they say within caste there are also sub-castes, they gradually form. That is why dynamism is again, the whole feature is on dynamism, and that is why there are different statuses of sub-castes, even sub-castes say, let's say caste is Brahmins, within Brahmins there are also multiple types of Brahmins, upper Brahmins, lower Brahmins. That is why they say caste is very complex, but race, if you look at it, is broadly macro in nature, the way you look, that kind of thing happens. Okay, so this was a comparison of caste and race, some points that were some in favor, some against, keep this in mind, it can come in the paper for 10 marks. You can again conclude that but in modern times, a new kind of stratification emerges, the race, you can take the case of Nido Taniya, you can give the example of Ferguson killing there. Okay, so you have to tell that there may be similarity, but at the same time, in the present time, stratification happens in multiple ways, in which race and caste, they are overlapping. Okay, alright, see you in the next video, thank you.
