[0:00]Hello friends, this is Himanshu and welcome to Let's Learn. In this video, we will discuss Chapter 1 of the Child Development & Pedagogy section, especially for CTET. These sessions will be chapter-wise according to the official CTET syllabus, and this is the first topic if you look at the official CTET syllabus. Concept of Development & its Relationship with learning, meaning the concept of development and its relationship with learning. This session will help learners from both mediums if you listen carefully, and in the end, we will also solve some questions with each topic. So, your preparation will improve, and pedagogy will also help you in other subjects. So, I hope you will like these sessions. If you like this series, then like and share the video. And subscribe to the channel if you are watching for the first time. Let's Learn will continue to provide you with qualitative videos related to teaching and pedagogy. Let's start today's session. You can take a screenshot for notes, etc. If I talk about it, then today we will discuss... Concept of Development, Types of Development, Difference between Development, Growth, and Maturation, Relation of Development & Learning, Stages of Development, Factors affecting Development, meaning the factors that influence your development. Role of a teacher in growth & development? Why do you study this? And in the end, we will solve some questions, there will be a small quiz for your recapitulation so that you can know what you have learned. According to CTET, your preparation will be perfect, nothing extra, and as much as possible, you will get the best and concise information here. If we talk about development and want to understand development in one line, then we can say that development is going from dependency to autonomy. Dependency means that you are dependent on someone. Going from dependency to self-sufficiency is development. This continues throughout life. We will understand the rest of the things related to it later. If I talk about some definitions, some points, then development is a certain change that occurs in human beings between conception and death. That means development is a change, such a change that keeps happening in human beings throughout their lives, from before their birth, meaning from conception, from their womb, until their death. Okay? But will all changes be called development? Then this is absolutely wrong. All changes, any random change, you cannot call development. Any crooked change will not be called development. Due to some fatigue, due to illness, all these changes will not be counted in development or will not come under development. Then what is development if we set aside that it is not a random change or we will not call only change as development? Then if we talk about it, development is a permanent change, a relatively permanent change that happens in an orderly way, it proceeds further in an orderly manner, meaning that development refers to qualitative changes in an individual. We talk about the qualitative changes in a person, the functional changes that occur in him in development. The changes that come in his personality, in his mental and emotional aspects, which are relatively permanent, and which help him to move forward in a better way, we call them development.
[3:25]So we will call progressive changes as development. Let's move on, we will see some more things, we will also know about growth, we will also know about maturation, we will also know what is the difference between all three. Before that, we will understand the aspects of development, meaning how many types of development are there and what are its aspects? So, development can be of many types, you must know this, such as physical development, meaning your physical development, as you do all physical activities, your body develops, then it comes under physical development. Next is, physical development can be called a part of growth, but it has other aspects as well. Next is cognitive development, meaning the development of your cognition, the development of your intellect, the development of your intelligence, the development of your understanding. If we talk about the third type, this is emotional development, meaning the development of your emotions. How much do you control emotionally, how balanced are you emotionally? How do you react to everything, how do you handle yourself, all these things will come in this. Next one is moral development. Moral development means ethical development. Moral development, in society, you have some codes, certain rules, on the basis of which you decide what is right and what is wrong. So, that tells you about moral development. Let's move on. Moral development is somehow related to social development, but these are different aspects on which we can focus. Fifth one is language development. Language development is related to your cognitive development or mental development. So, language development means the development of your language. Next is social development. How much do you adjust socially, how much do you mix, how do you tackle situations, that is called your social development. Let's move on with this. If we talk about the difference between development, growth and maturation, which is very important to know, then maturation, we talked about development.
[5:05]That development means that development is a process that continues throughout life, from your conception, meaning from your womb, from the womb to the tomb, meaning until your death. That's right. These are progressive changes, they happen in order, they are qualitative changes. What is growth? Growth is that which contains only such changes that you can see, meaning physical ones, which you can measure. So, here in growth, all your physical aspects, your weight increasing, your height increasing, which you can measure, all those things we count in growth. In this, we talk about physicality, it is limited to physicality. If we talk about maturation, maturation basically means maturity in Hindi. Maturation is a bit of a technical term, which is mostly related to heredity, meaning genetics. Meaning, if I talk about it, then maturation is related to your physical aspect, intellectual aspect, emotional process, related to development. So, what is maturation basically? For example, your heredity is there, your nervous system is there, your eyes will mature to read, then you will be able to read. So, what is maturity? Basically, on the basis of the genes you got from your heredity, on the basis of experience, it will continue to happen. So, it is necessary that if we talk about development, then development is an inclusive term, meaning a comprehensive term, which incorporates within itself growth as well, growth has also come within it and M, meaning maturation as well. So, it is not that the part that is in growth will not come in development. Well, development has completely incorporated within itself growth as well as maturation. So, all the aspects that are of growth or maturation, all of them come in development. So, you should keep this in mind, it is an inclusive term. Let's move on. Let's understand growth and development, let's see a small difference between them through some good points. If I talk about growth, then this is one side, development means your development will be on this side, it has been given the name inclusive because it is comprehensive. It looks at everything as a whole, it incorporates everything within itself. First point is, growth is quantitative, meaning growth is quantitative, you can measure it in numbers, how many kilograms of weight increased, how many inches your height increased, so growth is quantitative. But development is qualitative in nature. What is development? Development talks about quality, that your intelligence developed, your understanding increased, you learned your social structure in a much better way, you gained emotional intelligence, then all this is quality. Now you cannot say that my understanding increased by 250 grams. You can say that my weight increased by one kilo. But for understanding, you will not use all this. So, keep this in mind, growth is always measured in quantity, but development is qualitative, it can be quantitative as well, it can be both. Let's move on. Growth refers to physical aspects only. Well, growth is limited only to physical aspects, meaning growth. But development includes all aspects, as we just discussed, physical, cognitive, language, emotional, social, etc. Next point is, growth is limited to height and weight. Growth is limited to height and weight, but it encompasses all changes. Growth stops at a certain period of life. Well, your height does not keep increasing throughout your life. But development, your development continues till your death, meaning it continues till your death. You are developing something new every day, you are gaining something better within yourself every day. Last point is, growth can be measured. Meaning you can measure growth. Well, you can calculate it in numbers, but development can only be assessed. You can observe development, you can understand it through different methods, but it is not always possible to measure it. Sometimes you can measure in physical aspects. Let's move on with this. If we talk about the relation, the relation of development with learning, which is given in your syllabus, meaning what is the relation of development with learning? Now for this, we have understood development. Well, these are progressive changes that happen throughout your life. But what is learning? Now we will understand learning, then we will be able to make a relation between the two. What is learning? Meaning learning is a process that brings change in your behavior. You learn by putting in some effort, you must know this when you learned acquisition and learning. So, in learning, you put in some effort, you practice, whether it is a skill, whether it is a task, whether it is to gain some knowledge, there is a change in your behavior, but for that, you put in effort.
[9:22]Now, what is learning called in this way if you connect it and see? Then learning is the development that comes from efforts and practice. Well, when you have learned something, which is learning means relatively permanent change in behavior. So, when something relatively permanent has happened in your behavior, then it automatically becomes a part of development. So, in this way, if you see it, you will be able to understand. That learning is the development that comes from efforts and practice. We know that the interaction of maturation and learning is important for development. Well, learning means you have learned something by putting in effort, and maturation is there, if you want to learn and you want to develop totally, then you will basically also have to be mature, you will also have to learn. How to be mature? Well, suppose you want to teach a child to read. But his eyes have not matured enough that he can focus on an object, he can see it properly. Then you cannot make him learn. So, these two are connected to each other. Maturation takes place in all aspects. And maturation sets limits to development.
[10:50]As I told you earlier also, that maturation is related to heredity to a great extent. The muscles you have, the nervous system you have, all these are parts of maturation. Now, what will happen here? Maturation, how does it set limits? For example, heredity sets a limit for development. Similarly, maturation, because it is a part of heredity, it also sets a limit somewhere or the other. If a child cannot stand, then how will you teach him to walk? So, in this way, a limit is formed when the child is not mature, then it creates a limit or maturation acts as a limit for development. Next is, maturation and learning work together to promote the development of an individual. This is absolutely right.
[11:30]Both maturation and learning go hand in hand, we can say that. They both contribute equally to the development of an individual. So, here it is being said that development happens from maturation or learning. But what did Piaget say? Piaget said the exact opposite, whose theory you must have also read. Jean Piaget said that development will precede your learning, meaning first development happens and then learning happens, this was said by Piaget. Generally, we believe that first learning happens and then development happens. However, both are linked, so there cannot be much debate on this, everyone has their own views. Let's move on to the next point, we will see the stages of development quickly. Stages means what are the stages of development? There are five main stages, it can be extended further, but we will look at the five main types of stages in which your development takes place. Prenatal period, meaning the time of conception, when the child is in the womb, this is the time, about 240 days or 9 months, you all know this. This is the prenatal period when the child is in the womb and gets nutrition and develops. Next is infancy, the period from your birth to 2 years is called infancy, infancy. In this, the child learns through senses, gets knowledge through senses, or we can say that senses are his teachers. The understanding of society, his world that he builds, he builds it through his senses, as you must have seen, the child will take everything in his mouth, or he will touch everything.
[13:05]All this is, he is building an understanding of his surroundings, his environment, through his senses. Next is early childhood, this is called the age of 2 to 6 years, it is also called the toy age period, early childhood. In early childhood, basically, language development is quite rapid, and if we talk about the next stage, here the child is also egocentric, so keep this in mind, the child will be self-centered in early childhood. If you want to see more characteristics like egocentric, etc., you can see Piaget's theory, you will find a link. Next is your later childhood period, the age of 6 to 12 years, it is also called troublesome age.
[13:43]It is called troublesome age, it is called quarrelsome age, creativity starts from here, and here the child sometimes makes relationships with his peers, which also last throughout life. It is called troublesome age because the child quarrels over small things, gets irritated in everything, in his peers, in his home, in all these things. If we talk about adolescence, then adolescence is your teenage, the age of 13 to 19 years, it is called teenage because it is from 13 to 19. Identity crises come in this, there is some emotional disturbance, it has been called the age of storm and stress by Stanley Hall, because the child tries to form his identity, his intellectual development is also better, and he somehow sees his place in society, so adolescence is a period which has been called a period of stress and storm by Stanley Hall. Moving on, identity crisis has been discussed by Erik Erikson. Next, let's start a point, factors influencing development. Next point comes, what are the factors that influence development? Well, many children do very well and many children are not able to do well or are good at some things and not good at some things. So, what will be the influence of what factors on development? Development is a kind of change, because as you were at 5 years old, you are not at 10 years old, as you are at 20 years old, you will not be at 40 years old. In thought, in appearance, in every way. So, this influence of your development on development, what will it be on? It can be on nutrition, how you get food, whether you got it after birth or before birth. The early stimulation, the exercises given to children, small children, that also has an effect on how quickly they will be able to adapt to the environment. How you have brought up the child, that also has an effect, meaning heredity and environment have an effect. Heredity and environment is a big topic, which we will study in the next to next video. Next is your, if we talk about such factors that influence growth and development internally, meaning internal factors. Internal means what? Which are in your mind, inside, not visible outside. So, internal factors means hereditary factors, your ancestral factors, when at the time of conception, what will happen, the genes and the chromosomes, when they are transferred to the offspring, only then your base starts to form.
[15:51]From there, basically, these factors, hereditary factors, influence your nature, on how you will become. Next is your, on your physique. Next is biological or constitutional factors, the physical factor in this is more active. Next one is intelligence, your intelligence, how you are able to make decisions, all these are internal factors. Emotional factors, how emotionally stable you are. Social nature, meaning what kind of social nature you have? Many people are very outgoing, many people like to stay to themselves. So, all these are what? They are related to your mind, meaning they are internal, internal means they are inside, they are not outside. They will have an external effect, but they are internal. So, they have an effect. If these things were positive, if everything was good among them, then maybe the child will do very well, and both things will have an effect.
[16:36]If you got good factors and a bad environment, then there is also a problem, so you will keep this in mind too. Next are external factors. External factors means external factors. Now, external factors, mostly we used to see earlier that the womb of the mother was counted as internal, but now some authentic materials say that the womb of the mother is an external factor, it is basically influenced externally. So, here are some points that we will look at, what will be the effect of external factors? Physical and mental health of the mother during pregnancy, meaning when the child is in the womb, then the physical health and mental health of the mother, how it is, will affect the child, his development, his growth. Single child or multiple children getting nourished in the womb. The quality and quantity of nutrition, what kind of nutrition the embryo received. Normal or abnormal delivery. Was the baby damaged due to any accident when he was in the womb? Or whether or not the embryo has been subjected to harmful radiation from the sun? For this, many notions are prevalent in India also that pregnant women will not go during a lunar eclipse or many such things, because radiation works on the baby in the womb. So, these were external factors. Let's move on. See, keep this in mind, that influencing factors do not mean that they will only influence negatively or only positively. They can do both.
[18:03]Because they are influencing, they are having an effect. Now, what kind of effect will they have? That will depend on how the factors were, whether they were healthy or negative. Next point is environment available after birth. Well, what kind of environment did you get after birth, this is also counted as external, and it has a great impact. So, if we talk about it now, both are external here, the environment received in the womb also, and the environment received outside, both are external factors. If an accident happens in your life, if something traumatic happens, then it will affect your development. You must have seen that when children get hurt in childhood or something like that happens, then medical care, physical environment, what kind of nourishment you got after coming out, that will also affect. What a child gets from this social and cultural environment, that will also have a great impact. Next are these some points that you can keep in mind, you can take a screenshot. How much care your family took of you, your economic and social status, all that affects you, your neighborhood affects you, your schooling affects you. What ethical values have you been given, that will affect you. Your caste, your nationality, your religion, all these are factors that influence your development. The vocational facilities you have received, the opportunities you have received in education, all those will influence. The laws of the government, if you live in a country where there is a lot of discipline, then you will learn discipline, and other things. So, these are the kinds of things that all influence externally. If we talk about the last point, then we would like to see here that we have studied so much, we have learned so many things in this whole discussion. But why are we studying this as a teacher? What is our role in the growth and development of children? So, first of all, you should think about this yourself. Still, we will discuss it. A teacher has a role that he first understands the development, the growth, the psychology of the child, and then understands what kind of better environment should be given to the child, keeping in mind his individual differences, so that he can grow very well. So, basically, not only teachers, but educationists also benefit from growth and development in creating what kind of curriculum should be planned according to the child's level, according to the child's stage, according to the child's age, what kind of activities should be planned. So, this is basically a rationale for it, or we can say it is an educational implication of studying growth and development for teachers. So, I hope you liked this session, now let's do some questions, let's see how much you have understood. We will start, we will solve 5 questions related to this. Q.1 Toy age refers to? First question says, what is toy age? Which age is called toy age? Early childhood, later childhood, infancy or adulthood? Think for yourself what the answer will be here. Toy age is called early childhood. The child believes a lot in breaking toys, playing with them in early childhood, this is the age of 2 to 6 years, so keep this in mind. Next is, question number 2, development leads learning is supported by? Meaning who said that development leads learning or who supported this idea? Vygotsky, Piaget, Bruner or Marcia? Well, we had discussed it in the middle of the session too, if you remember, that development means that development leads to learning, this was said by Piaget, Piaget supports this. B option is its right answer. Next is question number 3, the term 'development' includes _____. What does development include within itself? Only structural changes, meaning physical changes. Functional means all the qualitative changes that happen in you, that. Both structural and functional or none of these. So, we have talked about this, development includes everything within itself, it is inclusive, it is absolutely comprehensive, so it includes both structural and functional changes, physical and your intellectual, and other aspects, all of them. Next is question number 4, a child develops his creative potential at this age. At which age does a child start developing his creative potential, meaning he starts becoming creative? Infancy, early childhood, later childhood or adolescence? Think for yourself, its answer will be later childhood, meaning the age of 7 to 11 years. It is also called school age or elementary school age, it is also called troublesome age, it is also called gang age. Next question is question number 5, which age group is called 'Gang-Age'? So, I have already told you this in the discussion. Infancy, early childhood, later childhood or adolescence? So, later childhood is called your gang age. So, keep this in mind. And I hope you liked these questions, you liked this session, you liked this whole discussion. The first topic we did, we did it very well in detail, and it is important for all exams wherever development is asked, especially in CTET paper 1, paper 2, for all. All those who are preparing for CTET, share this video with them, if you liked the video, do like it, share it further and subscribe to the channel if you are watching for the first time. Thank you guys, thanks for watching, this was Himanshu signing off, see you in the next video, we will do principles of development. Thank you.
