[0:00]Japanese for beginners. Lesson 5. Okinawa Ryoko, a trip to Okinawa.
[0:09]Tabemono food. Tabemono. Tabemono. Nomimono drink. Nomimono Nomimono. Kudamono fruit. Kudamono Kudamono. Yasumi holiday, day off, absence. Yasumi. Ryoko travel. Ryoko. Umi sea. Umi. Saafin surfing. Saafin. Omiyage souvenir. Omiyage. Basu bus. Basu. Tenki weather. Tenki. Shukudai homework. Shukudai. Test. Test. Tanjobi birthday. Tanjobi. Heya room. Heya. Boku I, used by men. Boku. Eru Saizu size L. Eru Saizu. Atarashi new. Atarashi. Furui old, thing, not used for people. Furui. Atsui hot weather. Atsui. Samui cold weather, not used for things. Samui. Atsui hot thing. Atsui. Isogashii busy people, days. Isogashii. Okii large. Okii. Chiisai small. Chiisai. Omoshiroi interesting, funny. Omoshiroi. Tsumaranai boring. Tsumaranai. Yasashii easy, problem, kind, person. Yasashii. Muzukashii difficult. Muzukashii. Kakkoii good-looking, conjugates like E. Kakkoii. Kowai frightening. Kowai. Tanoshhii fun. Tanoshhii. Yasui inexpensive, cheap, thing. Yasui. Suki fond of, like. Suki. Kirai disgusted with, to dislike. Kirai. Daisuki very fond of, to love. Daisuki. Daikirai to hate. Daikirai. Kirei beautiful, clean. Kirei. Genki healthy, energetic. Genki. Shizuka quiet. Shizuka. Nigiyaka lively. Nigiyaka. Hima not busy, free time. Hima. Oyogu to swim. Oyogu. Kiku to ask. Kiku. Noru to ride, to board. Noru. Yaru to do, to perform. Yaru. Dekakeru to go out. Dekakeru. Issho ni together. Issho ni. Sugoku extremely. Sugoku. Daijoubu it's okay, not to worry, everything is under control. Daijoubu. Totemo very. Totemo. Donna what kind of. Donna. Mai counter for flat objects. Mai. So far, we have covered nouns, verbs, and a bunch of particles. Today, let's take a look at adjectives. In previous lessons, we've learned two adjectives, but I'm sure you've heard of these adjectives before. Oh, what's he like? Ah, Sugoi. Using adjectives to describe people or things is not only interesting, but also very practical. Adjectives in Japanese are divided into two types: E-adjectives and na-adjectives. Well, how should I put it? They're like half-sisters with different parents, completely different! The reason why they are called E-adjectives is because their final syllable is E. For example, Atsui. Samui. So do Na-adjectives end with Na? Actually, no. The final syllable can be any syllable like Shizuka, Kirei. Yes, it can also be E. If you want to describe something or somebody is adjective, you can add Des after the adjective. For example, kono Tokei wa Takai desu. Sono Hon wa Omoshiroi desu. Kono Heya wa Shizuka desu. For questions, at ka after this. Ogenki desu ka. Genki desu. The O in Ogenki desu ka indicates respect for the other person, so you shouldn't include O when responding. So far, you may not have noticed any major differences. However, it changes when you add a noun after them. With E-adjectives you can directly attach a noun afterward, but with Na-adjectives, you need to add Na in between when attaching a noun afterward. Now you understand why they are called Na-adjectives, right? For example, Takai Tokei. Omoshiroi Hon. Ii Tenki. Shizuka na Heya. Kirei na Umi. Mary-san wa Yasashii Hito desu. Tokyo wa Nigiyaka na Machi desu. Kirei na Shashin o Torimashita. If you want to specify a certain number of photos, you need to use a counter for photos. Counters. There are many types of counters used in Japanese when counting things. It can be a little challenging to grasp at first. In English, you don't need to add anything between the number and objects, but in Japanese, there should be a counter between them. The first counter we're going to learn is 'mai', which is usually used for flat objects, like paper, T-shirts, photos. When you count them, you can use mai after number. For example, ichi mai, ni mai, san mai, yon mai. T-shirts o San mai Kaimashita. Negative form of adjectives. Negating an adjective depends on its type. For E-adjectives, you need to change i to ku and then add nai desu. You can also add arimasen, which is a more formal way of saying it. Atsui desu. Atsuku nai desu. Atsuku arimasen. Let's look at this one. For good, you can say both ii and yoi, but you have to say yoku nai desu for the negative form, or yoku arimasen. Kyou wa atsui desu. Kyou wa Chotto atsui desu. Okinawa wa Totemo atsui desu. You don't need to say the weather is hot. The negation of Na-adjectives follow the same rule as negation of nouns. They must be good friends, so they share the rules in many occasions. Kirei desu. Kirei janai desu. Kirei ja arimasen. Kirei de wa arimasen. Kyou, Hima desu ka? Iie, Hima janai desu. Isogashii desu. Past tense of adjectives.
[8:37]Do you remember the past tense of verbs we learned in last lesson? Positive desu becomes deshita. Negative janai desu becomes janakatta desu. A more formal way. Dewa arimasen becomes dewa arimasen deshita. For regular verbs or common verbs, the positive form masu becomes mashita. The negative form masen becomes masen deshita. In English, adjectives themselves don't have a past tense. For example, to express "it was cold yesterday", you simply change "is" to "was". So the change happens in the verb. Adjectives themselves don't change. However, in Japanese, when it comes to the past tense, E-adjectives themselves need to change. "Was cold". Change the i to katta, and then add desu. "Was not cold". Change the i in "nai" to katta, and then add desu. Desu doesn't change to deshita here, because samui is an E-adjective, which itself needs to change.
[9:58]Ii desu. Yokatta desu. Yoku nai desu. Yoku nakatta desu. Isogashii desu.
[10:14]Isogashikatta desu. Isogashiku nai desu. Isogashiku nakatta desu. And what about na-adjectives? Of course, they share the same rules as their "good friend" nouns. Shizuka desu. Shizuka deshita. Shizuka janai desu. Shizuka janakatta desu. More formally, you can say, Shizuka de wa arimasen. Shizuka de wa arimasen deshita. What do you usually like to do? What do you enjoy eating? Today let's learn how to talk about our preferences. X wa Y ga Suki desu. Takeshi-san wa Sakana ga Suki desu. Like something a lot, you can say Daisuki desu. Takeshi-san wa Koohi ga Daisuki desu. Dislike. X wa Y ga Kirai desu. Yamashita-sensei wa Sakana ga Kirai desu. Sora-san wa Natto ga Daikirai desu. Natto is a type of fermented soybean, typically mixed with soy sauce and mustard before eating. People who like it, really like it. Well, those who don't... Well, you know. Daikirai is a very strong word, so if you want to express it more gently, you can use Amari Suki janai desu. For example, Namago tamago ga Amari Suki janai desu. The particle "ga" can be changed to "wa" which means "as for". You can also say Namatamago ga Nigate desu. If you neither like nor dislike something, you can say Suki demo Kirai demo nai desu. Tennis wa Suki demo Kirai demo nai desu. Unlike English, Suki and Kirai in Japanese are not verbs but adjectives, and they belong to Na-adjectives. So, all their change rules follow those of Na-adjectives. For example, when adding a noun, you need to add Na in between. Such as Suki na Hon. Watashi no Suki na Hon. Kore wa Watashi no Suki na Hon desu.
[13:07]Suki na Eiga. Suki na Eiga wa nan desu ka? Kirai na tabemono wa arimasu ka? The negative form is janai desu. Natto ga Suki janai desu. If you want to say I didn't like natto before, but I like it now, you can say Natto ga Suki janakatta desu. Donna. Donna Hon. Donna Eiga. Donna Eiga ga Suki desu ka? Donna Eiga mo Suki desu. Watashi mo. Issho ni Eiga o Mimashou ka? If you want to invite someone to do something, you can replace the mas afterward with masho, and then add ka to make it question. Shall we? Removing the final ka, turn it into let's. Ee, Mimasho. Both of these can be used to suggest or invite. If you're not sure whether the other person will agree, using masen ka provide some with space to choose or decline. It's like saying, you may be cannot, but what do you say to mas shoka sounds like a more direct invitation. It doesn't leave much room for the other person to refuse. Of course, if you are more certain, you're pretty sure that the other person won't refuse, so you could just say maso. Masoka also has another meaning, which is offering to help someone. We are learning in later lessons.
[15:07]Ii Tenki desu ne. So desu ne. Demo chotto atsui desu ne. Ee. Waa, kirei na Umi! Oyogimasho. Robert-san wa donna supootsu ga suki desu ka? Saafin ga suki desu. Ashi ta issho ni yarimasho ka. Demo, muzukashiku nai desu ka? Daijobu desu yo. Sumimasen. Kono T-shatsu wa ikura desu ka? Sen happyaku en desu. Ano, Eru Saizu ga arimasu ka? Hai, arimasu yo. Jaa, Eru Saizu o ni mai kudasai. Robert-san, ryoko wa tanoshikatta desu ka? Ee. Okinawa no umi wa sugoku kirei deshita yo. Yokatta desu ne. Boku mo Umi ga daisuki desu. Hoteru wa takakatta desu ka? Iie, amari takaku nakatta desu. Kore, omiyage desu. Arigato. Takeshi-san no deeto wa doudeshita ka? Kono isogashiku nakatta desu. Asoko de Koohi o nomimasho ka. Aisu kuriimu ga daisuki desu. Ja mata ne.
