[0:07]Hello student, welcome to our channel CS Engineering Gyan. Uttar Pradesh Polytechnic Teacher ki vacancy mein aapka pehla hamara paper number first Computer Science ka chal raha hai jisme hum log dekhne wale hain aaj pehla chapter jisme hamara rahega computer organization and architecture. Jisme jo first topic aapka uske andar hai, woh hai functional unit of digital system and their interconnections. Yeh complete hum log iske andar cover karne wale hain, toh chaliye start karte hain. Dekhiye, sabse pehle functional unit of digital system ki hum log baat karte hain. Toh sabse pehle digital system kya hota hai aapka? Digital system means computer system ki yeh baat kar raha hai jo work karta hai aapka 01 code pe, digital value pe kaam karega aapka. Toh functional unit and their interconnections determine how a computer process information communicates with peripherals and execute tasks efficiently. Iska meaning yeh hai ki isme jo actual mein aapka define karta hai ki aapka computer process kaise karta hai, peripheral device se kaise communicate karte hain. Peripheral device ke andar all input device, output device aapke aa jate hain, and kaise aapka koi task jo hai effectively execute hota hai, woh aapka define karta hai aapka kon functional unit of digital system. And functional units of a computer system are parts of the CPU, Central Processing Unit that perform the operations and calculations called for by the computer program. A computer consists of six main components: 1. Input Unit, 2. Central Processing Unit, 3. Memory Unit, 4. Arithmetic & Logical Unit, 5. Control Unit, 6. Output Unit. Toh sabse pehle agar hum input, block diagram aapke computer ki baat karte hain. Toh block diagram jab hum dekhenge toh isme sabse pehle aapka input unit hoti hai. Then CPU central processing unit, control unit, arithmetic and logical unit, memory unit, and output. Jo aapka yeh control unit hai, arithmetic logical unit hai, memory unit hai, yeh part aapka kiska hota hai CPU ka. Input aapne diya, CPU ke through processing hoga, processing hone ke baad aapko ek desired output milta hai. Yeh pura task aapka perform karta hai kon computer system. Toh sabse pehle input unit ki agar hum baat kare toh input unit ka meaning hai jiske through aap kuch data computer jiske through aapka read karta hai data, that called as a input unit. Commonly multiple types ke aapke input devices hote hain jisme aapka keyboard hai, mouse hai, joysticks hai, track balls hai, microphones etc.
[2:40]The most well-known input device is a keyboard, whenever a key is pressed, the corresponding letter or digit is automatically translated into its corresponding binary code and transmitted over a cable to either the memory or the processor. Uske baad woh CPU ke through usko processing karega, then ek desired output aapko generate karke deta hai. So most well-known input device aapke keyboard hai where aap koi bhi key press karte hain toh woh computer system ke paas uska corresponding output jata hai aapka then output aapka return karke yeh deta hai aapka. Toh yeh pura process aapka kya hota hai input unit ke andar hota hai. Dusra part isme hota hai aapka central processing unit, central processing unit yaani CPU ki hum log baat karte hain. CPU jo hai actual mein hum log brain of a computer ki jab aap baat karenge toh aapka CPU hota hai. CPU actual mein all task, input output task hain aapke, logical control hai, input output operation hai, operation perform karna hai, woh sab aapka kon perform karta hai aapka, woh aapka central processing unit aapka perform karta hai. Ab yaha par hum log CPU ki baat karte hain jaise agar aap simple desktop system ki baat karte hain toh desktop mein toh aapka CPU hota hai, but jab aap kya karte hain laptop ki baat karein aap, ya aap apne tab ki baat kar rahe hain, mobile phone ki baat karein, toh woh bhi aapka computer system hi hai. But wahan par toh aapka CPU nahi hota toh bina CPU ke toh aapka task perform hi nahi ho sakta hai, work nahi ho sakta hai toh wahan par jo use hota hai woh hota hai aapka microprocessor chip lagi rehti hai jo same work karta hai aapka CPU ki tarah. Jo task aapka CPU perform karta hai wahi aapka kon kar raha hai yaha par microprocessor kar raha hai toh woh bhi aapka ek as a central processing unit ki tarah work karta hai. So CPU first fetches instruction from memory and then interprets them so as to know what is to be done if required, data is fetched from memory or input device.
[4:14]Iske baad jo third isme unit hoti hai iski woh hoti hai memory unit. Memory ka matlab hota hai jaha par aapka data store rahega. Toh multiple type ki aapki memory isme rehti hain jisme aapki primary memory hai, secondary memory hai. Primary memory aapka permanent storage hota hai aur secondary memory aapka temporary storage.
[4:36]Sorry, primary memory aapki main memory hoti hai. Secondary memory aapka kya hota hai aapka woh aap, means aapka jab primary memory full ho jayegi toh data aapka jo store rehta hai woh secondary memory mein rehta hai.
[5:08]Ab primary memory further divided hoti hai aapki teen part mein jisme sabse pehla aata hai RAM. RAM jo hota hai aapka woh random access memory hote hain aapki. Yeh temporary storage ke liye hota hai. Temporary storage ka matlab hai jaise hi aapne switch off kiya apne computer system ka toh iska data aapka erase ho jata hai. But jab aap switch on karte hain toh bias ke time par basic input output system jab aapka system redirect karta hai toh us samay iska data kya hota hai aapka redirect aapka hota hai. Aur yeh kya hota hai volatile nature hota hai data loss when power is off. Jaise hi power off hota hai toh yeh kya iska data loss ho jata hai. Dusra aata hai aapka ROM. Read-only memory hoti hai, yeh permanent storage hota hai aapka, store permanently instruction from the starting the computer (booting). Non-volatile nature rehta hai. Iska data remain aapka rehta hai jab aapka power off bhi aap kar dete hain. And last jo memory isme hoti hai aapki primary memory woh hoti hai cache memory. Yeh fast data access karne ke liye hota hai. But iska size jo hai woh bahut kam hota hai isliye sabse pehle data jo search hoga woh cache memory mein search hoga. Agar mil jata hai toh theek hai, nahi toh phir primary memory mein jata hai, aur phir primary memory mein bhi agar nahi milega tab secondary memory ke paas aapka data jata hai searching ke liye. Then iske baad aata hai aapka secondary memory. Secondary memory aapka storage ke liye, secondary storage ke liye hota hai yaani, large data aapko store karna hai outside without computer iske andar aapki hard disk drive hoti hain, magnetic disk hai, aapka magnetic tape hai, HDD hai, SSD hai. Yeh sab aapke kya hoti hai secondary storage hote hain aapke. And iske baad jo next operation isme perform hota hai aapka computer ke andar woh hota hai arithmetic and logic unit. Arithmetic yaani aapko mathematical calculation perform karna hai, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. Yeh saare task aapko perform karne hain toh aap ALU ke through perform isko kar sakte hain. Simply isko ALU bhi bola jata hai aapka arithmetic logic unit. Iske baad next jo content hota hai computer system ka woh hota hai aapka control unit. Control unit ka actually part kya hota hai aapka data ko control karna. Yaani processing ko control karna, yaani control karna signal ko woh sara task aapka kon karta hai control unit karta hai.
[7:27]It tell the computer memory, arithmetic, logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to a program instruction. Program instruction ko perform karne ke liye kon responsible hai woh define karta hai aapka control unit. The control unit is also known as a nervous center of a computer system. Yeh nerve nervous center aapka hota hai aapka computer system ka. Iske baad jo last component hota hai computer system ka woh hota hai aapka output device. This ke through ek desired result aapko milega as a output. So the primary function of the output unit is to send the processed result to the user output device, display information in a way that the user can understand. Is format mein aapka data display hota hai jis format mein aapka user samajh sake. Aapke paas multiple common output devices hote hain jisme monitor hai, printer hai, plotter hai etc. Yeh sab kya hote hain aapke output device hote hain jiske through aapka result output face pe kya hota hai aapka display aapka hota hai. Now iske baad isi mein topic hai aapka interconnection between functional component. Ab jo functional component aapne banaye hain woh interconnect kaise honge? Jaise aapke multiple peripheral device hain woh kaise connect honge toh woh define karta hai aapka interconnection functional component ke through. So, interconnection refers to the communication paths that link different functional component of a system so that can work together efficiently. Matlab different component jo computer system ke hain unko aapas mein communicate karane ke liye kya use hota hai aapka interconnection ek establish kiya jata hai. A computer consists of input unit that takes input and CPU that processes the input and an output unit that produces output. All these devices communicate with each other through a common bus. Ek common bus ke through yeh kya hote hain aapas mein communicate karte hain. Jisme aapki three type ki buses iske andar hoti hain jiske through aapka peripheral se data memory mein jayega, memory se peripheral mein jayega, CPU communicate karega toh iske liye aapke paas three buses hoti hain jisme pehla bus jo hoti hai woh address bus hoti hai, dusri aapki data bus hoti hai. And teesri aapki kya hoti hai control bus hoti hai. So address bus carry the address of a memory or input output location. Kahan par hai memory mein? Memory address aapka batayega, input output location aapko batayega. Data bus data ko move karega from aapka peripheral se memory, memory se peripheral ki taraf aapka move karta hai. Aur control bus kya karta hai read, timing signal aapka deta hai taaki easy way mein data aapka kya ho send ho sake aur receive ho sake, usko controlling ka jo work karta hai woh aapka control bus karta hai. Toh yaha par dekhiye pura connection aapka established hai yaha par, connection of various functional components. Jaise aapka yeh CPU hai, central processing unit hai, memory hai aapka, input device hai, output device hai. Inke beech mein aapke system bus lage rehte hain jiske through aapka data kya hota hai send and receive hoga. Toh yaha par pura yeh processing aapki hoti hai. The system bus is the common communication path that carries signal to the CPU, main memory and input output devices. Jo system bus hai uske through aapka data jo hai input device se aapka CPU pe jayega, memory pe jayega aur output devices ke beech mein communication aapka provide karta hai kon karta hai? Woh aapka system bus karta hai. Toh yeh pura aapka ek structure tha aapka Computer Organization and Architecture ka pehla aapka topic tha jisme actually humne define kiya aapka functional unit of digital system and their interconnection. Thank you student.
