[0:00]So hello everyone and welcome to the new lecture of FRB that is Free Revision Batch. Aaj ke lecture mein hum log karenge national income ka concept that is Rashtriya Aaye ka concept jo ki aapke exam perspective se kafi important hai.
[0:13]Isi mein hum GDP, NDP ye saare DP padhte hain theek hai personal income jisse ki question bhi aaya tha is baar aapke CGL mains mein. Vo sari cheeze aaj hum dekhne wale hain, before starting. Aaj evening mein aapko ek video milega jismein ki main aapko, pehli baat toh teen mahine ki strategy bataunga for the CGL.
[0:30]Ye strategy for sure jo steno ka exam hai uske baad uske liye bhi valid rahegi but main hum yahan pe target karenge CGL ko. And sath hi sath regarding PYQ series part four and new batch. Ye sari cheeze aapko aaj evening mein pata chalengi from that particular video.
[0:44]Toh chaliye start karte hain aaj ka lecture, sabse pehle hum start karenge kisse measures and aggregates.
[0:48]Dekho, jo national income hoti hai rashtriya aaye hoti hai isko aggregate ka matlab hai isko represent karne ke kitne tareeke hain. Toh isko represent karne ke dhyan rakhna iske total aath aggregates hote hain aath. Kaun-kaun se GDP, GNP, NDP aur NNP.
[1:05]Sir ye toh chaar hi hue. Ji haan chaar hue lekin abhi main aapko bataunga into two karke isko kaise aath kar lena hai, theek hai lekin abhi nahi baad mein.
[1:10]In the sense pehle ye samjhne ke baad charo samjhne ke baad. Sabse pehle GDP. Ab ye term bada use mein aata hai.
[1:18]Kal hum logone jo pehla session liya tha basics of economy usmein bhi maine is term ko use kiya tha phir maine bola tha GDP zyada GDP matlab acchi-acchi cheezein hai na jiska aap logone mazak bhi udaya comment section mein.
[1:29]Toh Gross Domestic Product isko Hindi English mein iska full form hai and Hindi mein isko bolte hain sakal gharelu utpad. Iska matlab kya? Iska matlab hai sir and ma'am total values of all final goods and services produced within the territory of a country.
[1:42]Ab iska matlab samjh lijiye. Matlab ye hai ki jitna bhi ye maan lo hamari country hai India hai iske andar jitna bhi value ka goods and services goods ka matlab hota hai saman services ka matlab hota hai sewaaye jaise main aapko sewaaye de raha hoon toh isse jaise for example jo bhi main earn karunga wo main service deke aapko earn kar raha hoon toh ye isko include kiya jayega.
[2:04]Jaise for example main laptop pe padha raha hoon toh laptop produce hua hoga Indian territory mein, ho sakta hai isko import kiya gaya ho, import ko nahi jo Indian territory mein produce hua hai. Usko hum jod lete hain aur usi ko bol dete hain country ki GDP Gross Domestic Product.
[2:21]Ye jo concept hai isko develop kiya tha Simon Kuznets ne in 1934 and GDP mein agar hum baat karein toh second hand goods ko kabhi count nahi karte hain.
[2:29]Reason kya hai? To avoid the double counting. To avoid double counting, iska matlab kya hua? Jaise for example mere paas laptop hai, ab is laptop ko jaise jab ye produce hua hoga economy mein toh isko humne jod liya hoga.
[2:47]Ki bhai ye 30 hazar ka laptop produce hua hai economy mein matlab ye GDP mein account ho gaya. Ab maan lo isko maine re-sell kiya kisi ko second hand laptop usko maine 15 hazar mein bech diya. Ab is 15 hazar ko hum jod lenge toh double counting nahi ho jayegi?
[3:00]Kya kuch produce hua kya? Nahi hua produce lekin faltu mein maine 15 hazar add kar liya isko jo ki wo isi mein included hai. Toh isko bolte hain double counting theek hai toh double counting ko na ho isliye hum aisa karte hain.
[3:14]Theek? And isiliye hi agar aap yahan pe dekhen toh total value of all final goods and services likha hai final. Yaani ki ismein hum intermediate goods bhi nahi lete hain.
[3:26]Intermediate jo goods hote hain jinko produce karne ke liye jaise for example ab ye laptop jab bana hoga toh ismein iski display lagi hogi ismein chips lagi hongi ismein sound laga hoga toh ye sari cheezon ki bhi toh koi cost hogi jaise ki kahin pe assemble kiya gaya hoga jaise for example maan lo Apple ka laptop hai.
[3:47]Toh usmein main Dolby ke sounds use kiye hain toh woh Dolby se liya hoga toh usne bhi produce kiya hoga economy mein. Toh socho agar hum un cheezon ko bhi jod lein aur laptop ko bhi price le lein toh double counting nahi ho jayegi yahan pe. Toh isiliye hum intermediate goods ko include nahi karte hain aur isi liye hum likhte hain ki final goods ki baat karo theek hai are not included.
[4:06]Yaani ki jo aapke intermediate goods hote hain unko include nahi karte hain sirf final goods ko lenge sab kuch apne aap include hoke chala aayega usmein.
[4:15]Ab hum do hum do cheezein padhte hain real GDP aur nominal GDP. Inmein kya antar hota hai? Antar inmein ye hota hai ki jo nominal GDP hai wo chalu varsh ya phir hum bol sakte hain jo current jo current prices chal rahi hain.
[4:29]Ya phir jo hum bol sakte hain vartman varsh chal raha hai usmein agar GDP ko calculate karte ho nominal hai. Lekin agar hum constant prices pe GDP ko calculate karte hain ek base year leke usko real GDP bolte hain. Ab ek example se isko samjh lijiye.
[4:46]Jaise for example laptop ka example le lete hain abhi hum theek hai. Toh laptop maan lete hain ki san 2021 le lete hain 2022 le lete hain 2023 le lete hain theek.
[4:54]2021 mein sirf puri economy mein ek hi laptop produce hua tha jiski value thi 30 hazar. Theek hai 2022 mein bhi ek hi laptop produce hua jiski value ho gayi 35 hazar.
[5:07]Aur 2023 mein usi laptop ek hi laptop produce hua hai keemat ho gayi 40 hazar.
[5:12]Toh agar hum dhyan se dekhen toh 2021 se agar main GDP ko compare karne jaunga 23 ki GDP ko toh mujhe samajh mein aayega ki bhai hamari GDP 10 hazar se badh gayi hai. Ya phir agar percentage mein nikalenge toh aapko pata chalega 33.33% hamari GDP badh gayi hai. Lekin actual mein kya badhi hai kya? Nahi. Kyun? Kyunki ek hi laptop tab bhi produce ho raha tha aur aaj bhi ek hi laptop produce ho raha hai. Toh phir ye badhi hui keemat kahan se nikal aayi? Isi cheez ko toh bolte hain inflation.
[5:37]Isi cheez ko bolte hain Mudra Sphiti jahan pe cheezon ke daam badh jaate hain. Toh agar hum is inflation naam ki hawa jisne is is GDP ye GDP thi isko aur fulaya isko aur fulaya isko agar is hawa ko nikal dein is inflation ki hawa ko nikal dein aur uske baad jitna ye fula hua gubbara hamara rahega GDP ka that would be the real GDP. Usi ko hum bolenge vastavik GDP sakal gharelu utpad. Nominal ko nominal hi bolte hain Hindi mein.
[6:06]So it is inflation adjusted. Ab ye base year kya hota hai? Toh base year ka matlab hai jaise ki hum ek base jaise abhi base year chal raha hai 2011-12 theek hai toh 2000 jo hamara 12 base year chal raha hai iska matlab ye hua ki hum woh base year mein dekhenge ki us jaise for example maan lete hain 2012 mein jo laptop ban raha tha uski keemat thi 30 hazar rupaye.
[6:30]Theek hai toh hum 2024 mein aa gaye aaj se 12 saal baad hum uski keemat 30 hazar hi lenge. Hum base year pe jayenge hum current prices pe nahi jayenge ki aaj ek laptop ki keemat sir hai 50 hazar rupaye jo maan lete hain Lenovo ka laptop aata tha theek hai.
[6:47]Toh Lenovo ka laptop aaj 50 hazar keemat ho gayi aur 100 Lenovo ke laptop bane. Toh us hisab se agar hum dekhen toh 50 hazar into 100.
[6:54]Ye 5 lakh hamari GDP hai aur tab bhi ye 100 produce hote the toh tab 3 lakh GDP thi. Toh actual mein agar hum dekhen toh wo faltu mein 2 lakh ki alag se GDP nikal rahi hai. Hai na? Toh main hum kya karenge hum 50 hazar price nahi lenge. Hum ek base year le lenge 2012 aur ye constant kar denge price ko is price ko constant rakhenge chahe jab bhi hum GDP calculate kar rahe hain aur bhai us price ko lenge ek laptop ka price aur jitne produce hue multiply khatam baat.
[7:20]Toh humne kya kiya ek base year liya aur usse inflation ko hata diya that is isi ko bolte hain base effect. Is that clear? Aur isko Irvin Fisher ji ne hi bola tha concept of money illusion. Matlab ki jaise ki aaj se maan lo ki aapki 5 saal pehle salary thi mahine ki 20 hazar theek hai aur aaj ho gayi 30 hazar aapki salary aur aap ho gaye khush ki dekho hamari salary kitni increase ho gayi lekin jab aap dekhenge inflation se adjust karke toh aapko pata chalega 20 hazar mein jab pehle jitni cheezein aap kharid lete the aaj se 5 saal pehle aaj utni hi cheezein 30 hazar mein nahi aa rahi hain toh actual mein aapki salary decrease ho gayi.
[7:55]Yaani isi ko illusion bolte hain. Illusion aap samjhte honge ki jo cheez actual mein hoti hai woh humein dikh nahi rahi hai. Toh concept of money illusion ye diya tha Irvin Fisher ji ne. Hum yahan pe ek concept samjhenge MV is equal to PT karke concept diya tha Fisher ji ne agle lectures mein.
[8:12]Clear hai toh nominal current prices mein calculate hoti hai ki aaj price kitni hai. Aaj price kitni hai us basis pe hum isko calculate karte hain. Kyunki economy mein inflation toh rehta hai cheezon ke daam badhte rehte hain. Isiliye hamesha humein humein nominal GDP real GDP se badhi hui nikal pata chalti hai. Toh phir hum kaise actual GDP nikalen? Toh iske liye ek ye jo balloon fula hua tha na isko pichkaane ke liye ek GDP deflator naam ka ek bol sakte hain ki aata hai. Theek hai toh GDP deflator ka kya hai aapko laga dena hai GDP wale nominal GDP mein ye inflation naam ki hawa ko nikal dega aur aapka ye actual mein de dega.
[8:48]Jaise ki maan lo mujhe real GDP chahiye toh real GDP ka formula kya ho jayega wahan jo neeche likha hua usse? Real GDP ka formula ho jayega nominal GDP upon GDP deflator. Yaani GDP deflator yaani ki jisko mudra sphiti karak bolte hain usse divide kar dijiye nominal GDP ko aapko real GDP vastavik jo sakal gharelu utpad hai wo nikal ke aa jayega aapke paas. Is that clear? Toh mudra sphiti karak isko Hindi mein bolte hain iska formula hota hai nominal upon real GDP into 100 ye kya karta hai ye us inflation naam ki hawa ko nikal deta hai ye real GDP calculate karne mein help karta hai.
[9:22]Ab aate hain dusre aggregate pe. Main sir ye samjhne mein tha aur thoda ye dimag laga lijiyega samjhne mein ye dono toh kuch nahi hai aur jo baki ki char hai wo toh aur hi kuch nahi hai theek hai. Toh GNP ki baat karte hain Gross National Product. Sakal rashtriya utpad isko Hindi mein bolte hain. Naam mein hi hai chupa hua iska reason. Iska samjh jayenge agar aap ye naam samjh gaye Gross National Product.
[9:44]National ka matlab ho gaya rashtriya. Rashtriya ka matlab kya ho gaya jaise for example abhi hum GDP mein kya bol rahe the ye within the territory.
[9:52]Do keyword important hain final aur within the territory. Yaani ki within the territory produce ho raha hai aur hum value le rahe hain kiski final goods and services ki. Ab yahan pe kya hai national mein. National mein humein territory se koi lena dena nahi hai. Final se toh lena dena hai final value of all the goods and services.
[10:11]Lekin uske aage, aage ye hai ki produced by the nationals of the country. Wahan pe kya tha produced within the territory matlab andar produce hona chahiye chahe Angrez kare chahe Bhartiya kare doesn't matter. Theek? Agar doesn't matter toh what does matter? Toh matter this is matter ki yahan pe jo nationals produce kar rahe hain jaise ki ye Indian hai maan lete hain. Theek hai aur ye hain maan lete hain koi foreigner theek hai ye foreigner hai koi.
[10:37]Toh isne agar jo produce kiya hai usi ko hum count karenge foreigner jo produce karenge usko count nahi karenge GNP mein. GDP mein toh hoga. Theek hai toh total value of all final goods and services produced by the nationals of the country. Toh agar humein GNP chahiye GDP se toh main kya karunga? Hata dunga factor income to abroad.
[11:26]Yaani ki aisi income jo Angrez yahan produce kar rahe hain lekin wo toh apne swadesh bhejenge apne desh mein bhejenge wo. Maan lo Apple ne yahan pe laga rakha hai apna maan lete hain assembly line laga rakhi hai apni Apple ne. Ab yahan pe laga rakhi hai assembly line toh tax toh bharega lekin jo actual mein kamayi hogi woh apne desh le jayega yahan nahi rakhega.
[11:50]Toh factor income to abroad ghata dijiye aur jo bahar se aa rahi hai factor income from abroad factor income ka matlab hai jo hamare nationals earn kar rahe hain jo yahan pe bhej rahe hain after tax India mein that is factor income from abroad. Toh ghata ke jod dijiye. Isi isi particular cheez ko hum bol dete hain net factor income from abroad. In short NFIA net factor income from abroad.
[12:15]Toh GNP humein chahiye toh GDP mein jod dijiye net factor income from abroad. Vahi same cheez hai ye jo likha hua hai isi ko bolte hain net factor income from abroad. Clear? NDP aur NNP pe aa jayiye. Ek dam halwa hai. Kaise? Hamesha dhyan rakhna ab jab bhi tumko gross se net pe jana ho. Jaise mujhe net chahiye.
[12:30]Gross se chahiye mujhe toh main depreciation ko hata dunga, mulya hras ko ghata dunga. Mulya hras kya hota hai? Laptop ki keemat 30 hazar thi jab produce hua tha lekin keemat uski ghat ti jayegi na ghat ti jayegi na jaise for example aaj se maine 5 saal pehle laptop 30 hazar ka kharida tha aaj toh keemat uski ho sakta hai 15 hazar ho. Toh usmein mulya hras ho raha hai na depreciation ho raha hai na uski value mein kyunki wo use ho raha hai.
[13:02]Toh usko aap ghata dijiye toh aapke paas net aa jayega. Theek? Jaise ki ab yahan pe ye likha hua hai NDP net domestic product toh main kya karunga? Main karunga gross domestic product mein depreciation ghata dunga. Domestic product domestic product same hai. Net aur gross ka antar hai toh net chahiye tha mujhe gross se toh gross mein maine mulya hras depreciation ko ghata diya. Monetary value of an asset decreases over time due to various factors.
[13:40]As I have explained ki bhai asset hamara maan lete hain laptop tha toh uski kya hai uski value monetary value decrease ho rahi hai due to various factors. Theek hai aur yahan pe jab hum cheezein bolte hain within a financial year within a financial year. Hum ek financial year mein GDP ho chahe theek hai ya GNP ho usko calculate karte hain. Financial year matlab vittiya varsh. Ye hota kya hai? 1 April se shuru hota hai aur 31 March mein khatam hota hai. Ye aapko acche se yaad ho jayega. Jo aapki job lagegi jab aap tax pay karenge na toh ye jo hai aapko ek dam ratt jayega financial year.
[14:02]Theek hai? Toh NNP pe abhi aate hain ab NNP hai Net National Product hai. Again simple hai bada. Kaise? Gross National Product mein likha hoga theek hai. Gross National Product mein gross National Product mein depreciation ko hata dijiye. Gross mein depreciation ko hataya net mil gaya. National product national product same hai khatam. Ye toh ho gaye char. Ab sir baki bhi wo char kaun hain? Toh kuch nahi ye jo bhi humne char padhe na kya? GDP, NDP, theek, GNP, NNP. Theek hai.
[14:36]Toh ye jo hote hain ye charo market price pe calculate hote hain aur ye factor cost pe bhi calculate hote hain. Toh abhi jo aap aise samjh lo jo hum kar rahe the ye sab kya the? Yahan pe neeche laga lo tum kya? Neeche laga lo market price. Neeche laga lo tum kya sab mein aise hi jod lo market price. Sab mein market price. Toh market price pe calculate kar rahe the.
[15:00]Factor cost pe agar humein chahiye toh jo factor cost pe calculate karne ke liye humein kuch nahi karna hota hai abhi antar kya hota hai factor cost aur market price mein? Waise toh likha hua hai yahan pe aap dekhenge aayenge toh ye hai antar ki bhai the market price is the final value of the product being sold which includes indirect taxes. Jaise maan lo ek biscuit ka packet hai, theek hai toh ye jo biscuit ka packet hai ye maan lete hain ki 20 rupaiye mein mil raha hai lekin ismein tax bhi toh included hoga GST wagera.
[15:28]Indirect tax hum padhenge taxes wagera. Toh 20 rupaiye included hai lekin agar hum is tax ko hata dein that would be factor cost. Yaani jo bhi factor income lagi hai jo bhi aapke factors of production raha hai biscuit ka wo jo packet hai usko create karne ke liye jaise ki kisi factory mein create hua hoga.
[15:47]Toh usmein maan lete hain ek biscuit ek biscuit ka jo packet hai ek jo biscuit ka packet hai usko create karne ke liye maan lete hain ki 2 rupaiye ki labour cost lagi. Kuch wo rent bhi bhar raha hoga jo jiska factory ka jo malik hoga maan lete hain ki 3 rupaiye ka usmein rent laga. Theek hai Gehun agar jo maida wagera hai wo maan lete hain ki 3 rupaiye ka laga.
[16:07]Aur uska wo aur uska bhi toh kuch profit hai maan lete hain uska 3 rupaiye ka profit. Toh 3, 3, 6, 3, 9, 2, 11 rupaiye. Toh actual mein bik kitne ka raha hai? 20 rupaiye ka. Hai na? Toh ye ho gaya factor cost pe ye ho gaya market price pe. Samjh mein aayi baat? Kyunki wo jo 9 rupaiye ka extra maan lete hain wo tax laga.
[16:24]That is factor cost market price mein difference. Toh ab sir aate hain factor cost agar mujhe chahiye toh main kya karunga? Market price mein main indirect taxes ko ghata dunga. Apratyaksh kar ko aur agar koi government ne subsidy di hai toh usko main jod dunga. Theek? Likha hoga yahin yahin kahin pe. Ruukiega zara. Ye likha hua hai dekh lijiye. Yahin pe toh likha hua hai dekhiye.
[16:50]Kahan hai? Agar mujhe factor cost chahiye toh main market price mein indirect tax ko ghata ke subsidy jod dunga. Isi ko bol dete hain ye jo likha hai na isi ko bol dete hain net indirect tax. Isi ko hi bol dete hain net indirect tax. Chahe ye bol do aur chahe ye bol do. Chahe bol do ki indirect tax ghata ke subsidy jod do ya phir bol do net indirect tax ko ghata do. Ab ye kuch bhi tum calculate kar lo jaise ki ye factor cost hai.
[17:19]Toh chahe tum ab GDP yahan likh lo GDP at factor cost, GDP at market price. GDP nahi likhna hai, NDP likhna hai toh NDP at factor cost, NDP at market price. NNP nahi likhna hai, NNP likhna hai toh NNP at factor cost, NNP at market price. Theek hai? NDP nahi likhna hai, NDP likhna hai toh NDP at factor cost, NDP at market price. Ho gaye? Chaar market price wale ho gaye aur char ye factor cost wale ho gaye. Ho gaye aath? Khatam. Toh ye aggregate ho gaye.
[17:41]Ab hum aayenge methods to calculate GDP. Abhi hum kya kar rahe the GDP ko represent karne ke jo uske aggregates the wo dekhe humne aath total. Ab hum dekhenge kaise calculate hoti hai GDP. Sabse pehle India mein ye National Statistical Office karta hai NSO which comes under the MOSPI MOSPI ka matlab hai Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation.
[18:05]Ye MOSPI hoga theek hai. Program Implementation. Clear. Toh MOSPI calculate karta hai. Base year maine aapko bata diya 2011-12 hum lete hain. Teen method hote hain calculate karne ke. Directly yahi question pooch leta hai ki kitne method hote hain GDP calculate karne ke? Teen. Kaun se? Value added method, income method aur expenditure method. Aaye, vyay aur ye aapka moolya vardhit vidhi ho jayegi.
[18:27]Ab hota kya hai ismein? Wo samjhiye ek-ek karke. Chaliye neeche se start karte hain. Expenditure method se aaye jo hamari vidhi hoti hai. Aaye vidhi mein kya karte hain hum expenditure calculate kar lete hain. Kis-kis mein expenditure? Consumption mein upbhog mein. Jaise ki hum log kafi sari cheezon ka upbhog karte hain jaise maan lo ki khana ho gaya kapde ho gaye theek hai makan ho gaya toh is bahut sari cheezein hum consumption karte hain unka toh consumption le lo.
[18:48]Government apne jo kharche karti hai government expenditure le lo. Investment investment kya hota hai? Ab investment hamara ek toh ho sakta hai ki domestic ho ya ho sakta hai foreign investment ho. Theek hai foreign se FDI FII aa raha hai toh wo investment le lo. Aur ye X minus M kya hai ye? X hai export aur M hai import.
[19:08]Matlab ab hum koi cheez agar import karne mein kharcha kar rahe hain, Bharat Sarkar ne koi paisa pay kiya import karne mein kisi cheez ko maan lo kaccha tel. Toh usko bhi kya calculate kar loge kya? Kyunki wo toh hamari ek tarah se hum bol sakte hain within the territory produce hi nahi hua hai. Wo toh humne produce hi nahi kiya hai. Wo jo humne expenditure kiya hai wo apne saman ke liye nahi kiya hai. Wo toh humne dusre kisi dusre saman ke liye kiya hai jo paisa bahar jayega. Bharat mein toh aayega nahi uska paisa. Jaise humne consumption kiya. Theek hai maine kuch bhi maan lo laptop kharida ya phir biscuit kharida toh usko maine pay kiya toh wo Bharat mein hi hai na paisa wo toh. Bharat mein hi na paisa? Government ne expenditure kiya toh road banayi ya phir hospitals banaye toh uska use India mein hua na?
[19:50]Investment kuch aaya toh Bharat mein aaya. Export humne kiya toh uska paisa Bharat mein aaya. Lekin import ko ghata dena hota hai. Yaad karne ka bahut simple tarika hai jaise chewing gum bolte the na tum chewing gum ko pehle theek hai toh usi tarah Chigzam yaad kar lo Chigzam. Ye ho gaya Chigzam bas ye dhyan rakhna X minus M hota hai export minus import.
[20:14]Sawal pooch liya tha SSC ne 2022 CGL mein X ka matlab yahan pe yahan pe import kaun bata raha hai? Theek hai C ki G ki I ki X? Ladkone mara I. Ho gaya I? Kaun bata raha hai import? Ye bata raha hai import M. Theek hai toh ye import bata raha hai na ki I import bata raha hai. Toh pata hona chahiye ki ye formula Chigzam karke yaad ho jayega. Aur yahan C ka matlab kya hai? Consumption, government expenditure, investment, export minus import. Ab aate hain income method pe.
[20:38]Income kaise-kaise ho rahi hai? Ye toh ho gayi humne kharche kharcha wala side dekh liya toh ek GDP hamari GDP nikal ke aa jayegi. Aisa karo income wali side dekh lo. Jaise ki ab aapki job lagegi. Government of India aapko pay karegi. Theek hai maan lete hain ki jo maan lo ki theek hai aapki lag jati hai aur sabki toh nahi lagegi kuch log maan lete hain ki apna private sector mein chale jate hain toh private sector mein aapko us company ki taraf se payment hoga.
[21:05]Hoga ki nahi hoga? Toh isko bolte hain compensation to employees. Jo bhi unko salary, bonus ye sab milta hai that is called as compensation to employees. Usko jod liya. Koi banda business run kar raha hoga. Usne factory dali hogi. Factory dali hogi toh uske liye usko zameen lagi hogi. Zameen ko wo bolenge land. Uske liye us usko punji lagi hogi. Punji matlab ki paisa usne udhar liya hoga bank se dalne ke liye matlab factory dalne ke liye.
[21:35]Then usne kuch labour ko hire kiya hoga mazdoor ko theek hai toh land labour capital. Ye sab kis kis liye kar raha hai? Goiya chhilne ke liye? Nahi apne profit ke liye kar raha hai. Yaani uski entrepreneurship bhi hogi yaani ki udhamita bhi hogi. Toh land, labour, capital, entrepreneurship kya hote hain? Factors of production. Theek hai toh inko bolte hain factors of production. Toh land jo usne li hai toh usmein wo rent pay kar raha hoga.
[22:02]Capital pe wo interest rate byaj bhar raha hoga. Labour ko wages pay kar raha hoga aur entrepreneurs jo entrepreneurship usne udhamita dikhai kyunki har kisi ke bas ki baat toh hai nahi ki risk lena aur itna sab karna toh uska jo yahan pe profit aa jayega ye jo hote hain ye hote hain factor payments. Theek hai? Ye hoti hai factor payment. Toh factors of production se factor payment mili ye aata hai operating surplus ke andar mein theek hai.
[22:34]Toh dhyan rakhna land, labour, capital land, labour, capital entrepreneurship kya hote hain factors of production jisse hum cheez kisi cheez ka production karte hain and ye hote hain hamare factor payments. Clear? Income method. Aur mixed income kya hai jaise maan lo ki maine shares wagera mein kuch investment kar rakha tha. Mutual fund mein toh usmein jo mujhe byaj mil raha hai hai na interest rate earn kar raha hoon that is kind of mixed income. Toh income maine jod li hai na?
[22:58]Jaise for example main hoon toh main maan lu ki main maan lo ki bhai kuch mujhe yahan pe main salary earn karunga jaise aap log aap log salary earn karoge maan lete hain ki mahine ka 80 hazar. Theek hai saal ka le lete hain ho gayi kitni? 9 lakh 60 hazar hai na? 9 lakh 60 hazar ho gayi. Ab ismein se aap government ko maan lete hain ki tax pay kar dete hain 60 hazar ka. Toh jo personal disposable personal income toh 9 lakh 60 hazar hui. Lekin jo personal disposable income hui na wo 9 lakh hui kyunki 60 hazar toh government le gayi. Yaani ki wo income jisko aap kharch kar sakte hain.
[28:57]Jo aapke hath mein finally bachi hai jisko aap kharch kar sakte hain that is personal disposable income. Yahan pe aaj ka lecture hota hai hamara khatam sari cheezein aur haan ye kuch term hai. Green GDP kya hoti hai? GDP minus environment damage yaani ki jo bhi humne maan lo koi goods produce kiya.
[31:22]Goods produce usko produce karte humne environment ko damage kiya hoga hai na air pollution kiya hoga water pollution kiya hoga toh usko hata dijiye jo apne jo kiya hai that is green GDP. Potential GDP mein real GDP ko hatane pe humein recessionary gap milta hai. Toh recessionary gap kya hai? Potential GDP yaani ki kitna produce kar sakte the aukaat kitni thi lekin kiya kitna? Theek hai uske beech ka jo jo gap hai that is called as recessionary gap. Theek hai aur ye per thoda sa ye bhi samjh lete hain what is this per capita income.
[31:50]Toh per capita income hoti hai aap pure desh ki income mein jansankhya ko ghata dijiye toh har ek average banda matlab har banda ek average income kitni earn kar raha hai that is per capita income ki desh ki income itne lakh crore hai pure sabka national income abhi maine dekh liya kaise kaise usko represent karte hain. Hai na GDP humne le liya toh GDP maan lete hain at market hum market price ka use kar rahe hain currently factor cost ka hum market price ka use kar rahe hain. Kyunki bhai zyadar countries sab market price ka mein hi calculate karti hain GDP ko isliye hum bhi market price mein kar rahe hain. Toh national income mein aap population jansankhya hata dijiye toh ek aadmi kitna earn karta hai per capita income wo nikal ke aa jayega.
[32:27]Intra country, inter country dhyan mein aapko ye janne ki zyada zarurat nahi hai aap isko skip kar sakte hain and again aapke liye homework hai yahan pe and that is National Income is a microeconomic or a macroeconomic concept. Ye aapko comment mein batana hai jisko maine aapko kal samjhaya tha. Sukshma ya phir samartha shastra ka example hai aapko batana hai.
[32:46]Iska mind map ka PDF in English and in Hindi in printable format also that is white background ke sath sab kuch aapko Parmar SSC telegram pe mil jayega. Jaise maine bataya evening mein aapko video milega jismein ki sari cheezein hum discuss kar rahe honge GKO leke batch PYQ series and strategy sari cheezein and quiz group ka bhi link aapko description mein mil jayega usko join kar lijiye jaldi se aaj hi 100k complete karna hai bhai theek hai toh jaldi se usko bhi join kar lijiye quiz group dono ka link description mein diya hua hai.
[33:12]Thank you. Dhanyawad milte hain agle lecture mein.
