[0:00]If you've been struggling to get a good score, to get 160+, 150+ on the GRE verbal section, chances are, A, you don't have a good vocabulary, or B, you're just not having the right strategy.
[0:14]In this video, I'm going to be targeting some of these two, and mostly the strategy part. I'm going to cover in a way that you, my friend, will have the perfect strategy.
[0:22]In my own GRE test, I scored a 329, out of which 161 was on the verbal section.
[0:29]Today, I want to give you the strategy so that you can go ahead and do the same.
[0:33]I'm going to be live solving a full fledged GRE verbal test in front of you. There's two sections a total of 27 questions exactly how the latest GRE format works.
[0:42]All I want you to do is to work through these questions with me. Pause it whenever you can, attempt the question on your own, and then compare your strategy with mine.
[0:50]And trust me, just by doing that, you're going to see a massive, massive boost in your scores.
[0:56]And before we begin, remember that you can go ahead and sign up on YMgrad.com. As soon as you do, we're going to share some free study material right to your email.
[1:06]So make sure that you get access to it, and let's begin. Alright guys, now let's get started with the GRE verbal full fledged test.
[1:12]Alright, the first one is actually a sentence equivalence. You have to select two options. Let's start. When he saw his soldiers daunted by the overwhelming size of the enemy's army, the king blank them, decrying their hesitation as cowardice.
[1:27]Now I want you to stop showing the options, okay, put your hand over them. Don't look at the options. Okay, now look at the sentence. I'm going to pause over here. I want to teach you guys the concept and then later on we can move faster. So when he saw the soldiers are scared by the overwhelming size of the enemy's army, the king blank them, decrying his hesitation as cowardice, right, their hesitation as cowardice.
[1:48]So the king thinks that they are cowards. What is he going to do? He's going to of course sort of scream at them, right? The king screamed at them or he, you know, sort of denigrated them, something like that.
[1:58]I'm going to look for now a synonym of screaming or denigrating, and now we start the timer. Let's begin again.
[2:04]Okay, so Vilipended is one of those words. The rest over here is, okay, denigrated is already one of the words.
[2:13]So what I see over here, I already see option C and E over here. I did not need to actually go ahead and even look at all the options.
[2:20]For instance, inveigle, I think I know the word. I know that it may be convincing, but I'm not sure. Galvanized I think, yeah, is something completely different where you basically sort of pacify someone maybe.
[2:30]You know, impressed, I know the meaning, repudiated, I'm forgetting the meaning I think but I, I I do think that this is not the answer.
[2:39]So Vilipended and denigrated all, both of these, you know, are properly fitting in, and I'm going to move ahead and try to see the answer, and you see, that's the answer. Correct.
[2:47]Let's move forward guys. It is important not to be swayed by blank speech, and remember to hide the options.
[2:53]By blank speech, but to carefully scrutinize its content. Now, this is a tough one because they don't really give us a lot to go with here.
[2:59]It is important not to be swayed by shimmery speech, you know, or sweet words, or or some kind of sweet speech, you know, and but to be careful to scrutinize its content.
[3:10]It could be one, but let's see. Let's see. So weight doesn't really coincide with my keyword. Winsome, Winsome coincides. Winsome is again, you know,
[3:17]sweet and you know, just something that basically gets you the output essentially, winning sort of, prevailing, prevailing is completely different. Prevailing means that you know, it's popular speech, maybe if we find a synonym to that.
[3:30]Alluring. Alluring is actually very close to Winsome because it's also, you know, that very attractive, sort of pulls you in, right? So it's Winsome or Alluring Speech, which are sort of pulls you in. It's it's winning speech, right?
[3:42]Candid is honest. There's no word that's been synonymous of that. Cagey, I don't know the meaning of Cagey, but I don't think I need to, because Alluring and Winsome are pretty much fitting, uh fitting the blank over here.
[3:55]Remember guys, I'm doing these questions first time, just like you guys are. I want to give you my realistic overview.
[4:00]If we go wrong, we go wrong. I'm going to see the answer. It's going to be there on your screen in three seconds.
[4:07]Alright, the answer is actually correct. So we're good to go over here. And you see, even though I did not know all the words,
[4:12]you can still get the answers sometimes. Correct. Okay, let's move on. First-year college students may feel apprehensive about their prospects for success in a rigorous academic program.
[4:29]However, most new students achieve a sense of blank by the end of their first semester.
[4:36]So however, change of direction of the sentence happened over there. Now, if we look at basically the options, those are traps. Before that, I want my own fill in over here. Remember.
[4:43]So my fill in could be something like achieve a sense of, um, I don't know, you know,
[4:50]happiness, confidence, I think, confidence by the end of their semester, the first semester, that, yeah, we're going to be able to do it, you know, at first they were nervous, now they're confident.
[4:56]So, let me look for, okay, confidence is actually one of the words. So confidence. And then the second one I need is a synonym of that.
[5:03]Complacency is close. I'm I'm almost 30% sure on it, because complacency means that, okay, you've already achieved something, so you're a bit, uh, you know, confident about it, but at at the same time, you know, you kind of let go, so I don't think it's the same.
[5:18]Conflation, I don't know for sure, consternation, I don't know for sure. Poise. Poise actually means, you know,
[5:25]calmness, confidence, again, the same thing almost in this case. Calumny, I also don't think I I know many of these consternation, I think I know a little bit, but confidence and poize, I think poize, whatever.
[5:37]That's the two answers I think should be the answers. Let's just check.
[5:44]Okay, we're good to go. So the answers are correct. Okay, let's move on to the next one.
[5:48]The prison sentence was blank in the eyes, again hide the options. Blank in the eyes of the jury, perfectly justified by the seriousness of the crime.
[5:58]The appeals court, however, felt differently, deeming it excessive. So the jury probably did not find it excessive, it's the opposite, right? So because the however keyword is there, so they're changing the sentence, you know, the direction of it.
[6:12]So the the the jury probably thought that it's, you know, adequate, right? So my keyword is adequate. Now I got to find synonyms of adequate.
[6:20]So the present sentence was recondite, could be the answer. Then it could be jocund. Jocund, I think is happy, so I don't think it makes sense. Recondite, I'm not quite sure.
[6:30]Condign, Condign actually really means that it's, you know, close to adequate, like you actually use it in this sense. Condign means that it's an appropriate, uh, you know, appropriate, basically, it's a punishment.
[6:44]Meet, again, meet also, I think should meet. Condign and meet look good. Clement. Clement is actually the opposite. Clemency, remember if you see granting clemency in a court that means that you are basically, you know, uh, giving them some some leeway, you're basically making it easy for them.
[6:58]Ludicrous means almost like ridiculous, funny. I don't think that's the answer as well. Except for recondite, meet and Clement, I don't think there's any other options I would want to look at.
[7:09]Uh, sorry, recondite, condign and meet. So A, C, and D, that's what I'm looking at, but C and D sort of match a bit more for me. So, okay, we're actually going with C and D.
[7:21]It makes sense. Alright, great, good good to go. Uh, next one. They heard the blank truth. Again, hide the options.
[7:27]Is stranger than fiction before but never truly blank it until they struggled to explain the bizarre events that they witnessed that day. I think the second one is pretty clear, never truly experienced it, you know, until they they heard the blank truth is stranger than fiction.
[7:40]I don't know what the first one could be, maybe uh, something, but you know, the second one I'm sure about. So I'm going to look for the second one, close to experienced it, so pursued, fathomed. Fathomed, fathomed is a direct synonym of experience. Impugned means something else completely.
[7:54]Pursued means something else. Experience is only relating to fathom, so it should be fathomed and they heard the blank truth is stranger, hey, actually, so, look, adage. Adage means that it's a phrase, and they've they've put quotations over there. So it should be they heard that they heard the phrase, truth is stranger than fiction, which should basically mean adage.
[8:20]Paradox, there's no paradox over here, because they are realizing exactly what they're talking about, it's not the opposite. Opprobrium, I think again, it's something else completely. I think it's actually, you know, shouting at someone or something. So adage really fits. Adage and fathomed. Let's move forward and check. Okay, we're good to go.
[8:38]Alright guys, let's move on. Due to his lengthy industry-friendly record, the governor was thought to be blank pro-business. So it was blank when he announced the creation of a large environmental preserve at the expense of industry interests.
[9:02]However, his decision was not met with unqualified enthusiasm. Many astute observers noted the politically blank motive of using the decision to court independent voters.
[9:14]Uh, politically, so he's coating independent, he's getting more voters, so politically strategic motive, I suppose. So let's try to now find something close to our synonyms.
[9:24]The first one was very pro-business. So, uh, actually staunchly, staunchly is the same, staunchly is basically the same, very, you can say, similar to that, you know,
[9:35]Um, I think that one would make sense. Unsustainably, desultorily. Desultorily is basically, I think, uh, you know, uh, dry or something boring. So again, that does not make sense either. So staunchly.
[9:44]And then the second one we talked about was it was surprising, right? So something close to surprising. Debilitating is weakening, I don't think that's vitiating is to legally remove something. I I don't think arresting. Arresting makes sense. Arresting is again surprising.
[9:57]And finally, the third one, I'm going to pause the timer over here. I don't want you guys to, right? Because some questions will take long, some questions short. So, the third one is, many astute observers noted the politically blank move. And I said, it's a strategic move, because I think that he's getting more voters, right?
[10:11]So, strategic, something close to that. Ingenuous, uncouth, opportunistic. Now, here's the key. This is so tricky.
[10:19]Uncouth we know it's not the case, but ingenuous and opportunistic. Both of them seem right, but I know that there's two distinct words, ingenious and ingenuous.
[10:30]Ingenuous means innocent. Ingenious means genius, amazing. And if it was ingenious, I would be very confused over here, but because I know ingenuous means innocent, and it's certainly not innocent, it's a strategic decision.
[10:42]It's an opportunistic decision. That's why I'm going to go with opportunistic. And let's look at the answer over here, and I feel, I feel we've gotten it right. Let's see.
[10:53]Okay, we have staunchly, arresting, and opportunistic. That's good, that's really great. Okay, let's move on with the next one. Seventh one. Again, hide the options.
[11:00]While acknowledging that the celebrity was blank in her endeavors to raise funds for a number of causes, detractors accused her of secretly treating her employees callously.
[11:11]So callously means like not caring about them, I suppose. However, her manager blank rumors of her misanthropy when, years after her death, he revealed that she had a privately bequeathed much of her fortune to the loyal staff.
[11:27]Okay, so she was actually, so at first they they thought that, okay, this woman is, you know, basically taking advantage of them, but so second one is easy. Second one we can say that his manager her manager basically, you know, uh, expunged the rumors. He just removed any rumors, right?
[11:43]And uh, in order to basically look at the options, substantiated, no he did not do that. Construed is to understand, he repudiated. He basically rejected the rumors, I think. That's that's the one over there I think repudiated means that. And while acknowledging that the celebrity was blank in her endeavors to raise funds for a number of causes,
[11:58]detractors accused her of secretly treating her employees callously. Okay, so basically, you know, detractors are not usually happy with what she's doing, right? So, while this is, this is okay, so they're saying that okay, this part of out here was good, but the rest of it, you know, she was doing her employees badly.
[12:11]So, there should be something positive here. So, the celebrity was good at or something, you know, basically, strong in her endeavors to raise funds, and So cursory is to basically look at something for a short glance. Niggardly, um, I'm not sure about that also niggardly. I don't know the meaning.
[12:28]Indefatigable though, it means exactly what we're looking for, right? So this would mean basically that she was pretty great essentially in her endeavors, basically, could not be compared or defeated.
[12:38]And let's check the answers over here. And that turns out to be C and E. We are good, we're perfect over here. Alright, let's move forward.
[12:48]The blank potential of a new company to blank in an emerging and as yet unstructured market is often difficult for investors to discern as they blank clues to its resilience and vitality.
[13:03]Okay, so we know that the investors are basically not sure because it's a new company in a new and emerging market. So, uh, the unseen potential, I can say, unrealized potential of a new company.
[13:17]To or unsure, like potential of a new company to uh, I don't know, uh, strive, like do well in an emergent market is often difficult for the investors to understand, to discern as they blank clues due to its resilience and vitality.
[13:34]As they have to find clues, I don't know, find, yeah, something like that. So the first one is going to be blank potential. So let's say, you know, the, um, unseen or something like that. So evident, mature. Mature is something completely different. Evident, latent. Latent, latent makes sense.
[13:51]Because latent is not unseen exactly, but it means that, okay, it's not here yet, but it will happen later on. You will see it later on. Right now you don't see it, but there is a potential.
[14:02]Evident is it's clearly not evident, it's it's completely opposite to evident, right? We're not able to understand exactly whether this thing has potential or not. So it's not evident, it's certainly latent, uh, because it's delayed, right? For a new company to blank in an emerging market. I said, right? It's doing very well, flourish.
[14:20]So flourish is basically an exact synonym of that. Succumb means to lose. So we're not looking for that. Equilibrate. I don't know what that means, but flourish means exactly the same. And uh, it's often difficult for investors to discern as they look for clues, something like that. We were looking for, and then circumvent is to sort of, you know, remove an obstacle, just move around it. I don't think that's it. Capitulate to, I'm not sure about it, but quest for makes sense, because quest for means that you're starting to look for those clues.
[14:50]So that's going to be my answer. Quest for, flourish, and of course, latent. Let's look at the answers. And the answers seem to be perfectly right, as you can see over here. So, let's move on to the next one.
[15:02]Okay, the next one is, inured to the intense work engendered by the deadlines they normally faced, the production managers felt somewhat blank by the temporary hiatus in orders.
[15:13]Now, luckily, I know the meaning of hiatus. Hiatus is pause. So you stop the work. Temporary pause in order. So, inured to the intense work, inured, I don't know for sure, but I think that it means now that, you know, um, because you're used to the work because of the deadlines, the production managers felt somewhat strange, confused by the temporary, you know,
[15:30]uh, hiatus. Or they could be happy, but I don't think it's happy because they're used to the deadlines, so if they don't have the deadlines, it feels sort of strange, right? So let's look for something close to strange. Um, constrained, that's not strange. Disoriented, that's a little bit like strange, disoriented, maybe 50%, 50/50.
[15:54]Wizened, Wizened is probably not what we're looking for, it's, you know, they're, basically, old, I think or something like that, like it's been going on for a long time.
[16:04]Overworked. They certainly did not feel overworked, because it's a temporary hiatus, remember? And hiatus is a pause. Dehumanized. I I don't think it makes sense. It's just not as close to strange as I want. So I think disoriented should be the answer. Let's look at it.
[16:24]Okay, we're good to go over there. Alright guys, let's look at the 10th one here. Okay, now remember, some questions we have we have equally distributed the time over here.
[16:30]However, some questions will need more time, some will need less. So accordingly, I'll stop the timer, because sometimes we need to read a longer passage. Some questions we just finish them quickly in 10, 20 seconds also, right?
[16:41]But the point of the video is that you understand the whole strategy. So I don't care if I take 10 minutes extra, but I want to get you the strategy. Okay, let's get started.
[16:49]The Hemline Index is nearly as old as the stock market. When hemlines get shorter, according to the index, the market goes up in value, as hemlines fall, so does the market.
[16:57]In other words, short skirts anticipate a strong economy. At first glance, this simplistic postulate can seem ridiculous, but some forecasters watch fashion to help predict what's going to happen with the market, because events in earlier decades have supported the Hemline Index.
[17:27]As flappers' dresses shortened in 1920, the market rose, when the market fell with the Great Depression, hemlines did too. When the market surged in 1950, short poodle skirts appeared, and as the market continued to strengthen in 1960, the miniskirt arrived. Then, as the U.S. economy stagnated in 1970s, the maxi skirt made an appearance among the hippie set.
[17:50]Though poodle and maxi skirts are ancient history to today's youth, prognosticators can flash forward to the housing boom of 2006 and the emergence of the shortened baby doll dress, which was followed by the slump of 2007, when once again hemlines fell on fashion's runways.
[18:08]Okay, so what they're talking about is the length of the skirt, if it's too short, then markets are up, if it's long, then the markets go down, apparently. That's ridiculous, but it it certainly seems to make some sense over here.
[18:19]So, they've given quite some examples. Now let's see. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's argument that the Hemline Index can be used to predict future market behavior?
[18:28]So we have to find something that just does not go with the passage. There's going to be one of these five options. Let's see. In each of these cases, not all women wore the skirts or dresses in question.
[18:37]Well, it's not about all the women, it's about basically some women. That's fine. The hemline hemline changes cited in the passage occurred concurrently with market changes, not before them.
[18:47]Okay, so that's important. They did not happen before, that means that they cannot be used to predict market future market behavior. It's all about the future, right?
[18:56]So, clearly, you cannot predict the future with something that happens along with the market. B makes sense to me. Let's see.
[19:01]The market had a steady value during World War II, and the skirts remained at knee length. This actually supports the passage. Doesn't make sense. Economists have concluded that there is no relationship between male fashion trends.
[19:13]Well, they're not even talking about the male fashion trends. A major economist dismisses the hemline theory as unscientific. Well, that also does not make any sense. It it does not undermine the author's argument at all.
[19:25]Uh, because there's no reason over here. So, we're going to go with basically B, I think, and let me just go ahead, fast forward to the answer. B matches the prediction, and it's correct. Let's move forward to the next one.
[19:35]Okay. 11th. Okay. Now we have to read a new passage. At a certain college, graduate teaching assistants conduct discussion sections, but have no input into grading. It has been suggested that graduate assistants be given some grading responsibility, but many undergrads oppose that proposal.
[19:44]They argue that if grades are assigned by graduate assistants, regular full-time faculty will devote less time and attention to undergraduate work. Okay.
[20:00]The information in the passage above suggests an answer to which one of the following questions. Okay. So which question is answered? Okay. Are grades assigned by graduate teaching assistants inherently as fair as those given by regular faculty?
[20:13]They did not exactly answer that question. They just said that we want more involvement of the undergraduate, of the actual full-time faculty. So I would not really choose this.
[20:23]Are some undergraduates in favor of maintaining the full-time faculty's interest in their schoolwork? Absolutely. Some, some of them are, that's why they are arguing that, you know, they argue that if the grades are assigned by them, then you know, full-time devote full-time teachers will not basically spend full attention and time, you know.
[20:39]So absolutely, some of them want the faculty's interest to be there. So B makes sense. May regular full-time faculty conduct discussions sections at the college? Well, they did not really talk about that, did they, now?
[20:51]Does graduate student contact with undergraduates' work make the grades assigned by regular faculty less valid? Again, they did not answer this question either. They did not compare it to it at all.
[21:02]Are regular faculty members in favor of giving graduate assistants some teaching responsibility? Well, maybe, but again, uh, they did not exactly answer this question either.
[21:11]They they did not talk about teaching responsibility. They were talking about the grading responsibility. So I think B makes sense to me. Let's look at the answer and okay, we're good to go over here. We're good to go over here.
[21:26]Let's move on to the next one. Alright, the next one is 12. Considering the current economy, the introduction of a new brand of cereal is unlikely to expand total sales of cereal, but rather will just cause some existing buyers of cereal to switch brands.
[21:39]So it makes no sense for the Coolidge Corporation to introduce another brand of cereal, since they will only hurt sales of the brands of cereal they already produce. Okay.
[21:50]Alright, uh, which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument. So we have to basically, you know, break down the argument and go against it.
[21:58]Number one, total sales of the cereals will increase as the total population increases. This is irrelevant to the argument at all, in fact. Um,
[22:06]many new brands of cereal sell extremely well for the first year of their existence. Maybe, I mean, it's good, but it does not exactly say that this is going to happen with their corporation, and many new brands, it's not all new brands.
[22:18]Coolidge Corporation currently produces fewer brands of cereal than do its competitors. This is again not relevant. Some cereal buyers regularly switch from brand to brand, even when no new brands have been introduced.
[22:30]Um, well, they can do that, but again, it's not really weakening the argument above. It's some cereal buyers, not all of them anyway.
[22:37]Research indicates that the new brand will attract more buyers of competitors' cereals than the buyers of other Coolidge brands. Yeah, because they were saying that, okay, you already have ABC brands, and then you launch the D brand. These will basically switch not only to D, but to others also.
[22:51]But now they're saying that, okay, there's XYZ brands of other companies, which you'll attract to this brand D. So, it would make sense to me to go with something like D. It does undermine the argument, it basically will increase the sales then.
[23:03]So E is correct. We're good to go. Alright guys, that's the first 12 questions done. That means that it's time for section number two. Usually you get a bit of a break, we're not going to do that.
[23:14]Alright, number 13. The intricately plotted action of Charles Palliser's clever novel, The Quincunx, takes the reader on blank journey through the complex nuances of Regency England's legal system, in which unscrupulous and blank lawyers do battle with a young and innocent protagonist over the fate of an entailed estate.
[23:44]So, okay, who's going to get it, bad side, bad lawyer, innocent. So certainly the second blank is something unethical ones, and the first one, the intricately basically, you know, it's it's very complex. Plotted action of this guy's novel takes the reader on a blank journey through the complex nuances.
[23:59]So, it's probably a very complex journey. Again, I can just recycle the complex keyword, because it's a intricately plotted action move. So complex rule. Okay. First line, let's look at it now. The implacable. I don't think that is synonym to complex. Deleterious is basically harmful. We're not going. Cerebral though, cerebral is basically, you know, relating to your brain, it's complex, you have to really put your mind into it.
[24:26]So, cerebral journey, that makes sense. And then the second one was unethical lawyers, right? Unethical. Let's find a keyword. Dolorous is not it, aggrieved is not it, because both of these almost mean that they are sad, you know, and just aggrieved.
[24:39]Perfidious though, I think makes sense. I'm not sure, but I know that these two are not the options. So perfidious should be it. And the answer is the C and D. Okay, we're good to go. Cerebral perfidious. We're fine over there. Let's move forward.
[26:14]Although many young professionals are blank to settle in the suburbs because they believe doing so will exclude them from opportunities found in urban centers, this is not necessarily true.
[26:27]Direct public transportation, although at blank stage, will soon allow suburban residents to travel to the city center quickly and efficiently. So they are unwilling to settle in suburbs, right? And this changes the direction of the sentence.
[26:40]So, although at a latent stage, remember, we did another question, which was latent, which means that it's not here yet, but it will come soon. Latent stage, I can say, right? And although many young professionals are reluctant to settle down. So let's see. Reluctant. First one.
[26:52]Something synonymous to that is going to be like, let's see. Obligated, disinclined, liable. Um, well, disinclined is close to reluctant, I think. So we're going to go with disinclined.
[27:04]And the second one is going to be although at a latent or basically slow stage, right? Um, so this is going to be hopeful, maybe, transient, transient is basically very quick, I think. So it's the opposite of what we are looking for.
[27:21]Incipient, Incipient means an initial stage. Okay. So, yeah, direct public transportation is at an initial stage. It's still latent, you know, it's going to come soon, you can't really see it, but it's happening.
[27:33]So I think incipient would make sense. We're going to go with, we're going to go with, um, let's see, over here again, disinclined and incipient. Let's wait for the answer. Okay, we're good to go over here. Let's move forward to the next one.
[27:50]Alright, the next one is because of the dry and torrid heat, the backpackers soon found themselves with barely enough water to blank their thirst. I think that's pretty obvious, right? They need to quench their thirst. That seems like an easy one, but I don't know many of the words over here.
[28:08]That part I can assure you. With that said, I know that Alay is a synonym of quench. Steel, surfeit, slake. May be. Maybe slake makes sense to me.
[28:56]I think I won't choose surfeit. Steel and Alay, a slake. One of these along with Alay. So Alay is certainly there. Steel, not sure. I think slake just sounds better. Maybe I would like to go with that. And I'll hope for the best.
[29:18]I think I'll go with these two. Slake and Alay. And they're good. We're good. So you see how basically sometimes you don't really know the meanings of the words, you still can get them.
[29:28]Just make sure you try the root words over there. Um, next one. The journal's reviews expose the critics' incompetence more than that of the author, as most of the reviews provide no constructive criticism and amount to nothing more than tiresome and insulting blank aimed at deflating the author's ego.
[29:43]Tiresome and insulting basically long and insulting sentences or arguments aimed at deflating the author's ego. So basically, there's no more incompetence in the author than there is in the critics.
[29:58]So, okay, insulting, let's see. Articulations, maybe. Basically they made something up. Invectives, Invectives actually make sense. It's like a, it's like a basically, sort of tirade, you know, where you're basically just talking about it. Basically just trying to malign someone.
[30:17]Even though you have no reason. So invectives makes sense. Elocutions, I don't know for sure what this word means. Surmises is summary. Speculations again is close to articulations, so that that could be one pair, but diatribes makes a lot of sense because diatribes when invectives are both exactly what we're looking for, I feel over here. Because diatribes is also like a tiresome, and a long, you know, sort of like a lecture on on on sort of, you know, denigrating someone.
[30:43]So I feel it should be diatribes and invectives. Okay. And we're good to go. Okay, let's move on to the next one.
[30:50]Alright, that's a passage. When the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 struck, an estimated 675,000 Americans died.
[30:53]And before that, I like to see what the question is. The author mentions that scientists have a good picture of the structure of this flu strain in order to do something. Okay. When the great influenza, and before that, I like to see what the question is. The author mentions that scientists have a good picture of the structure of this flu strain in order to do something. Okay. When the great influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1919 struck, an estimated 675,000 Americans died.
[31:06]This was 10 times the number of Americans who died in World War I, which was then coming to an end in Europe. Sometimes called the Spanish Flu, this influenza, which initially seemed as benign as the common cold, would ultimately take approximately 50 million lives worldwide, killing more people than the bubonic plague had killed from 1347 to 1351.
[31:27]The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that nearly one-third of the world's population was infected with the influenza virus, which was surprisingly virulent among the young and fit. Today, live samples of the 1918 virus and evolving RNA science give researchers a good picture of the structure of this flu strain, yet both the origin and cause of this catastrophic plague episode remain a mystery.
[31:58]The CDC's interpretation of the data is chilling, until the root causes of the 1918 to 1919 pandemic are understood thoroughly, analogous conditions could lead to an equally devastating pandemic.
[32:10]So, why did they try to essentially use these words? A good picture of this thing is available today. Well, they could use it to mention, um, you know, basically, uh, the intensity of it. Let's just see, let's see, basically, today, because it took so much time for them to do it. Anyway.
[32:27]So demonstrate how the scientists are solving the medical history, that's your option number one, but no, that's not really, I think, that's not really why he used this thing. Uh,
[32:37]extol the progress science has made in tracing the origins of the 1918 to 1919 pandemic. So, basically, extol means to go ahead and appreciate it, right? So, I don't think he's trying to appreciate that either.
[32:51]Introduce a depiction, support that notion that a widespread health disaster such as the Spanish Flu is unlikely to happen in the future. No, in fact, they say that it can happen.
[33:05]Underscore how baffling the outbreak of 1918 is. Yeah, so basically, this one makes sense to me because it says also that it took so much time for them to actually get a good picture of it, and even now, it's not confirmed as to what caused it.
[33:18]So I think that this should be the answer. E. Let's check it out, and from there we'll move forward. Okay, we're good to go. Let's move forward now.
[33:29]So the 19th one says, which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage? So, which is against the passage. Scientists were somehow able to recover a live sample of the 1918 virus.
[33:41]Okay, I feel that that was there. But yeah, it's not going against the package, so we need something else.
[33:48]International borders and even oceans were inadequate barriers to the spread of the 1918 flu. Yeah, because it went to other countries, and 1/3 of the people worldwide were basically able to get it, and you know, it killed 50 million people worldwide. So, yeah, that's also correct, which means this is not what we're looking for.
[34:04]World War I led to the 1918 to 1919 flu pandemic. No, absolutely not, because we know that they don't even know the cause of it.
[34:12]So, in fact, I don't even have to go through the rest of the options, I feel that C is correct. We already know it. Uh, so let's actually take a look at the answer. And it is correct. Yeah. Alright.
[34:25]So, the next one is a different passage. Connections between events described. Okay. Author's primary purpose. Why did he write the passage? We're looking for that.
[34:34]Connections between events described in the folk tales that formed the foundation for the biblical story of Noah's Ark, and the actual events that occurred due to the collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet 8,000 years ago have led scientists to investigate the effects of rising sea levels in the fertile crescent at that time.
[34:52]Okay. Researchers constructed models of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea shorelines before the ice sheet collapsed, and after when sea levels rose. The researchers estimated that the flood could have displaced nearly 145,000 people, and that this displacement may have had societal effects.
[35:10]The agrarian people on the coasts moved further inland, and likely shared their farming practices with the hunter-gatherer communities in those inland areas. In fact, this migration may have been a major factor in the sudden expansion of farming.
[35:25]An event long thought significant by historians, who traditionally use the rapid adoption of agriculture in this area to mark the end of the Mesolithic Era, and the beginning of the Neolithic Era. According to the researchers, these findings clearly demonstrate that sea level shifts have the potential to affect massive social change far from the coastline.
[35:43]Okay, so the primary purpose, I don't even have to think about it. But the primary purpose here is that the author is trying to tell you that look, because these ice sheets collapsed, because of that, basically, you know, social changes happened, and basically people started farming more in the inside also, where they were hunters.
[35:59]Okay, so, let's see, prove that events that relate to the story of Noah's Ark actually occurred. I'm not really connect the collapse of Laurentide Ice Sheet to agricultural developments of the Fertile Crescent. Well, this is very tricky because Fertile Crescent is outside. They talked about that.
[36:13]They said that Fertile Crescent was the area where basically the these people were outside on the shoreline living. So this one does not make sense because of that. All right. Uh, relate the findings of scientists who believe that changes in sea levels can precipitate major societal change.
[36:31]This is exactly what we are looking for, right? We even talked about it. So I'm going to stop here. I don't even need to read more. C should be the answer. And let's check. And it is correct. Let's move forward.
[36:44]Okay, 21. According to the passage, which of the following was a direct result of the rising sea levels caused by the collapse of the Laurentide ice sheet? So what was the direct result? Hunter-gatherer communities were displaced by farming communities from the coast.
[36:58]Um, no, that did not happen. Hunter-gatherer's not did not come out. Mesolithic Era ended and Neolithic began. I mean, this isn't a direct result, but maybe, okay. Thousands of displaced people shared maritime farming methods with inland farmers.
[37:18]Yeah, the inland farmers, wait, they were inland hunter-gatherers. So this again makes it wrong. Coastal communities were decimated, and displaced farmers had to find new places to live. Well, this one does make sense. They were decimated coastal people and, uh, you know,
[37:39]they were farmers also, so they had to find new places to live. Well, this one does make sense. And let's actually go ahead and check it out. And with that said, Okay, good, we're good to go over here. Alright, let's move on to the next one, which is the 22nd.
[38:00]And with that said, we have a whole new passage, a big one. So, the primary passage, the passage is primarily concerned with. So we have to read the whole thing to tell. Today, there's a fairly standard model of the factors leading to heart disease.
[38:12]Most heart disease is caused by the growth of fatty deposits, known as atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery walls. Plaques narrow the width of arteries and lead to the formation of clots that can block the flow of blood, eventually causing a heart attack.
[38:27]Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease. High levels of cholesterol and saturated fats in the diet also increase the risk because they contribute to plaque formation. Now remember, I'm doing this to you, and we're going a bit slow, but in on the actual test, you know, I don't have to pronounce it, I don't have to explain it, it goes much faster.
[38:43]So you can do this much faster, uh, but right now we're going to pause the time. We're going to take our time. So, what they're saying is that there is a standard model. This we all know of, you know, cholesterol, all these things. A sizable minority of coronary patients, however,
[38:57]experience near attacks even though they display few or no standard risk factors. Recent research by Richard Lawn suggests that lipoprotein A, a blood protein first isolated in 1960, may play a major role in such cases. Excessive levels of lipoprotein A are associated with strokes, heart attacks, and narrowing coronary arteries.
[39:30]In fact, males with high lipoprotein A levels account for about one quarter of male heart attack victims under the age of 60. So this could be the reason. Now let's see more. Lipoprotein A is closely related to low-density lipoprotein, LDL.
[39:41]A major contributor to atherosclerosis. As a group, lipoproteins absorb and transport fatty substances, including cholesterol, to various sites in the body. High-density lipoproteins, or HDLs, are protective and carry cholesterol to the liver for later use in the synthesis of important hormones.
[40:06]HDLs, however, deposit cholesterol in the bloodstream, including in coronary arteries, where it contributes to plaque formation. Lipoprotein A has almost the same complex structure as LDL, with an additional surface protein called apolipoprotein A.
[40:28]Apolipoprotein A resembles plasminogen, a protein that binds and dissolves fibrin, a key component of blood clots. Unlike plasminogen, however, apolipoprotein A does not dissolve fibrin. So it does not dissolve it, but it just carries it, it seems.
[40:55]Okay. Alright. A theory that would adequately explain now lipoprotein A operates has yet to be developed. So it's not now, I think this should be how. How this thing operates is yet to be developed.
[41:08]But there is speculation that when too much lipoprotein A is present in the arteries, it may compete with plasminogen for access to fibrin in arterial blood clots. Since lipoprotein A cannot dissolve fibrin, the dissolution of clots is hampered, increasing the risk of arterial blockage. Another negative function has been suggested as well.
[41:37]Lipoprotein A, which enters blood vessel walls inside white blood cells known as macrophages, may prompt the release of growth factors by macrophages that thicken artery walls.
[41:53]So for some reason, indirectly it can thicken this might also be happening. Okay. Alright. That's a big passage, but I think the whole purpose of this passage is to talk about how, um, you know, the standard model does not work for some patients, and there are lipoproteins and all these things that might actually contribute to basically the heart disease.
[42:14]Okay, that's let's start. So the primary passage, uh, the passage is primarily concerned with discussing the possible role of lipoprotein A in some cases of heart disease.
[42:25]That one does make sense to me a lot. Refuting the standard model of risk factors. No, they're not. No one's saying that the standard model is bad. So that's not the case. Examine the evidence of two opposing theories. They're not opposing theories either. They might be even interlinked for all we care.
[42:40]Suggesting ways that individuals prone to heart disease can reduce their risk. No, they're not doing that. Proposing that the structure of plasminogen is similar. No, that's truly not even the last paragraph of the passage. So I don't think this one makes sense. Um, so I think A would be the one I would want to go with. Let's try and check once and see if we're good over. All right, we're good. Good. Couple more questions to go, guys. Let's let's stick to it.
[43:05]Alright, the next one. The author suggests which of the following about the standard model of the causes of heart disease? It misidentifies the most frequent causes of heart disease. No, because it only says only a couple of them. Sizable, but still minority, could not be identified.
[43:21]I don't think that should be the case, but let's get back. It has been undermined by research on lipoprotein. Again, I don't think it's been undermined, but let's look for it. It does not account for a significant number of heart diseases. Yes, that that is true. It does not account for a sizable minority. Sizable minority is still a significant number. It would make sense. Yeah, that's correct, which means this is not what we're looking for.
[43:40]It no longer It is no longer credible to most heart disease researchers. No, it is still credible, because most of them are actually still getting done.
[43:48]It leads to errors in the treatment. No, I think C is the answer, pretty clear over here. Let's look at the answer. And it's C. We're good to go. Alright, guys, let's move on to the next one.
[44:01]Alright. According to the passage, research has shown that lipoprotein A is more closely related to plasminogen than to low-density lipoprotein. Okay. This one, they did not really compare as to which one is more closely related to I think.
[44:11]But let me just check once again. Lipoproteins, uh, close to plasminogen than to. No, they did not actually do anywhere. So I can't even look for it. So functions in the same way as low-density lipoprotein, um, that was actually mentioned, I think, has almost the same complex structure as LDL with an additional surface protein called apolipoprotein A.
[44:38]No, so that was about complex structure. It has the same structure it does not function like that. Okay. Uh, may decrease the risk of heart disease for some people. No, in fact, it's the opposite. Resembles low-density lipoprotein in structure. Yeah, absolutely. That's what we're looking for. That that's correct.
[44:53]Plays a role in preventing arterial blood clots. No, actually, it's doing the opposite. So D is the answer over here. I feel it just is written right over here for you. It has the same complex structure. Oh, sorry about that.
[45:06]Alright, I think that's correct. Let's move on. Okay. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the theory that lipoprotein A contributes to heart disease? It aids in lowering the body's blood pressure. No, that's actually good for us.
[45:29]It interferes with clot formation. That's good for us. It's more closely related to high-density lipoprotein than to low-density lipoprotein. I already told you, low-density ones are the bad guys, high-density are the good guys, so cannot be doing that. Uh, it assists in transporting cholesterol to the liver. Again, that's the good guy's function, so again, that would be a good thing, but it's it's supposed to contribute to the heart disease.
[45:48]It causes release of growth factors in blood vessels. Actually, the last sentence says that, may prompt the release of growth factors by macrophages that thicken artery walls. So if you say that, okay, this is no longer a may situation, this may happen. This first research that this may happen, but now we're saying that this does happen, then, yeah, absolutely. I think this would be the contributor to the heart disease.
[46:12]So D is the only one that makes sense. And let's actually go ahead and check it out. Sorry, E. Yeah, yeah, last one basically. Alright, we're good to go over there. And the next one is basically a new passage. Let's read it. Okay.
[46:27]As the modern art world is enamored with the kinetic work that is searing and energetic, vibrant, and even incandescent in its effects, it can be especially instructive to contemplate the work of a genius whose best art was born of restraint and stillness.
[46:44]Okay. Such a master was Hans Holbein, portrait painter to the courts of Europe, and most famously to the court of England's King Henry VIII. In his earlier years, Holbein achieved remarkable effects by carefully rendering his subjects' surroundings. He painted each subject in the midst of the spaces and objects that defines the sitter's life and experience. But in his mature years, Holbein abandoned these carefully constructed settings and tricks in favor of an even more disciplined approach. He removed the obstructions that came between the viewer and the subject on the canvas, rendering his later portraits with even more vitality because of the additional constraints and the purity of his focus.
[47:33]Okay, so he just got more focused on the people, rather than their lifestyle, surroundings. Okay. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage? Holbein had a chilly, almost glacial temperament. His temperament, his, you know, uh, anger. That has nothing to do with it. So A one certainly cannot be inferred.
[47:49]Holbein refined his approach to portraiture over the course of his life. Uh, yeah, he certainly did refine it. So, this one is actually correct. So we cannot mark it over here. We need the ones that cannot be inferred. Next one, during the later part of Holbein's career, his portrait and of a soldier would have likely included the soldier's armor and weapons.
[48:12]I think so. We can we can basically say, we can infer that this would happen, simply because he focused on people who, you know, and their lives, basically. So soldier, basically, the most important thing to them is the armor and weapons. So I think this one also can be done. What cannot be, basically, inferred is again the A. Point number A. We're going to go with that over here. And let's see. A is actually correct. So we'll move forward with the last question now at this stage, guys. Last one. In the context in which it appears, incandescent most likely means. Now, incandescent usually means, you know, you heat something up, and it it becomes red, and there's a light coming out of it.
[48:53]But that's not what it means over here. It means that it's such a, you know, uh, work that is searing, energetic, vibrant, and even, I don't know, like basically, the work is very great, right, in its effects. Just I would say, great, is my synonym. And I'm going to try to see something related. Luminous is to light it up. I don't think that's it. Radiant, might be the case. Let's look at it though. Uh, but again, I don't think it's radiating anything. Brilliant. Brilliant is very close to great. I think this just makes sense to me. Glowing, I mean, again, we're not really talking about the incandescent, you know, light in its actual sense, so I think this one also is a false positive. Entertaining, they have nowhere mentioned anything close to that, so that would be ridiculous.
[49:37]More or less, I think brilliant should make sense. Let's look at it. And that's it. Alright, now at this point, guys, we've done all 27 questions. And that's the whole strategy I want you to incorporate in your test. Exactly, how I explained each and every question. If you have done these with me,
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