[0:15]Assalamu alaikum. This is second lecture in Pakistan studies. The title of today's lecture is Ideology of Pakistan in the light of the statements of the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal. We will be talking about the concept of two-nation theory and the concept of Muslims as a nation in the light of the statements made by these two great leaders, that is Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Dr. Allama Iqbal. In a way, this lecture is an extension of what we discussed in the first lecture. And we will be looking at their statements in the light of what we discussed yesterday. Therefore, in order to understand their contribution, we will have to give a recap of the first lecture. Earlier, we emphasized two points. One, the Muslims are a separate nation with their distinct culture, civilization, heritage, interests and concerns. And their objective is to preserve and protect this identity. This sense of nationhood developed earlier than the establishment of Pakistan. And this sense ultimately created the state. Therefore, the issue is how to protect and promote this separate identity. What should be the measures and methods to achieve that objective? How best we could protect and promote that identity?
[3:17]The basic issue is how, what was the basis of this national identity, or Muslims as a distinct nation? The core of this separate identity is provided by Islam. Islam has served as the sheet anchor for this concept of separate nation. And on that basis, this cause was promoted. And we will see how far these two personalities played their role. This concept of separate nation on the basis of Islam has three aspects. One, the teachings and principles of Islam, universal aspect. Which are the universal aspect of this concept of nation. Second, the Muslim rule, which gave sense of confidence and sense of identity, sense of importance to Muslims in this part of the world. And also the cultural influences that came from Central Asia, because the Muslim conqueror came from that region. So some of our habits, some of our food, some of our dress has been influenced, and same can be said about the language. The third aspect relates to the impact of local environment and conditions.
[5:37]That is, what kind of conditions Muslims were living in.
[5:46]The geographic conditions, the interaction with other people, also influenced their options and habits. I give you an example. For example, if you are living in hot climate, that will influence the kind of dress you would wear. Similarly, that can also influence food you eat. And this is going to be different if you are living in cold climate, where dress will be influenced by the weather conditions, by the topography, whether you live in plains, you live in mountain area. All these things influence people's choices, people's behavior and the habits they acquire. So these factors were the basis of the identity that the Muslims developed in this part of the world, that is, in this region. While discussing the concept of Muslim nationhood and ideology, we had mentioned that role of leadership is very important. Leadership plays a vital role in propagating an ideology. And it is in this context, the context of leadership, that the role of the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal becomes important. Now the question is, what kind of role leaders like Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal played? Leadership plays an important role in creating sense of awareness, a sense of understanding. And leadership also plays an important role in mobilizing people on the basis of ideology.
[8:17]You not only mobilize people on the basis of ideology, you give them sense of direction, you create a consciousness based on that ideology,
[8:32]and in this way a group of people actually become a highly motivated, goal-oriented,
[8:47]and motivational force that facilitates the implementation of ideology. It is this kind of role that Quaid-e-Azam had played for the development of the concept of Muslim nationhood, for development of two nation theory and ideology of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam was a history-making personality.
[9:27]He not only left his imprint on history, but he changed the direction of history by creating a new state of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam was a visionary who could look in future and think about the situation that the Muslims of South Asia were to face over a long period of time. He was a person who was able to give them a sense of direction.
[10:15]Quaid-e-Azam was a charismatic leader.
[10:24]A charismatic leader is a particular kind of leadership. Charismatic leadership is shaped by two basic factors. One, the personal attributes of a leader. What are the personal qualities of a leader, his visionary disposition, his capability to mobilize people? Second, the context and the situation. And charismatic leaders come up in a situation of crisis. When traditional institutions have been dislodged, new and modern institutions have been set up, whose credibility is not established, people are not satisfied with it, and they are looking for alternatives, a better solution, better prospects. It is in this situation that you have charismatic leaders. Quaid-e-Azam came on the political scene at a time when Muslims were facing a serious crisis. Crisis of identity, crisis of how to deal with the situation under the British rule. What should be their direction for the future? And it is in this connection that he emerged as a charismatic leader. I I narrate to you an incident that will explain what is charismatic leader or to what extent Quaid-e-Azam was a charismatic leader. Jab Pakistan ki azaadi ke liye Musalman ki jad-o-jahad chal rahi thi, Muslim League ne ek awami jalsa karne ka faisla kiya. Aur us awami jalse ko Quaid-e-Azam ne khitab karna tha. Lehaza hazaron ki taadad mein log door-daraz se us jalse ke liye aaye. Aur Quaid-e-Azam ne apni taqreer angrezi zubaan mein ki. Jab ke us jalse mein 25 se 30% log aise the jo angrezi ko achi tarah samajhte the. Lekin jab Quaid-e-Azam ne taqreer ki, to bilkul sannata aur khamoshi thi. Logon ne bade inhamaak se, logon ne badi aqeedat se unki taqreer ko suna. Jab jalsa khatam ho gaya, to ek buzurg ahista ahista jalsagaah se bahar ja rahe the. To press wale ne use roka aur usse kaha, ke buzurgwar, kya aapko angrezi aati hai?
[14:04]Ki aap is jalse mein aaye. Us buzurg ne sar utha kar press wale ki taraf dekha aur kaha, ke mujhe angrezi to nahi aati. Main angrezi to nahi samajhta, lekin itna janta hun ke ye leader yaani Quaid-e-Azam jo keh rahe hain, wo sach keh rahe hain, aur wo sara mere mufad mein hai. Isliye main is jalse mein aaya hun.
