کتب تفسیر میں طالب علم کا منھج | علمی حصول کی مہارت | شیخ سیف اللہ ثناءاللہ

[0:08]Alhamdulillah-e-Rabbil-alameen, wa salatu wasalamu ala Nabiyul Ameen. Amma baad. Allahumma inni audhubika min fitnatil qauli, kama audhubika min fitnatil amal, wa min takallufi lima la uhsin, wa min al ajbi bima uhsin, wa audhu billahi minas salati wal hadhar, wa minal aiy wal hasar. Amma baad. Aaj hum inshaAllah apni is majlis mein apna jo safar-e-ilm hai, usko jari karte hue. Humne pichli majlis mein is mauzu par baat ki thi ke. Ahle ilm ki jo baatein hain woh kaise samajhni chahiye aur isi tarah humne yeh bhi baat ki thi ke. Banda, yani ilm mein badi chhalaange nahi mara kare aur chhoti cheezein pehle padhne ki koshish kare, phir jaake woh in cheezon se fayda uthaye. Aage Shaykh ne jo ek ahem baat hamein jis cheez ki taraf hamein targheeb dilai hai. Shaykh farmate hain ke inna kutuba ahle ilm al mutawwala wal mutawassita wal mukhtasara tuhtaju min talabil ilm inda qira'ati fiha ila tadwinin lil muhimmi minha. Yani Shaykh farmate hain ke jab ek talib-e-ilm ilm hasil kar raha ho aur padh raha ho aur dekh raha ho. Toh phir usko chahiye ke usmein se woh jo muhim baatein hain, jo important points hain usko woh likhe. Isliye aap dekhte hain ulama ki mukhtalif kitabein hain, Al Fawaid, Al Kunnaasha. Unhone usmein apne jo fawaid hain, jo padhte waqt ya padhte waqt ya padhate waqt jo unhone fayda hasil kiya, unhone woh likha hai. Isi liye, yani yeh kaha jata hai Al-Ilm-u ma ukhidha min afwahi al-rijali, liannahum yahfazuna ahsana ma yasmaun wa yaquluna ahsana ma yahfazun. Yani, woh kehte hain ke jo bande hain, ilm wale, woh. Yani ilm hasil karte hain toh logon se ilm hasil karte hain aur usko yaad karte hain aur jo yaad karte hain woh sabse best hota hai. Isi tarah yeh bhi yaad rakhein ke talib-e-ilm ke liye zaruri hai ke woh har kitab ka koi na koi mukhtasar khulasa, bullet point mein likh ke rakhe, har kitab ka. Uss se fayda yeh hota hai ke bajaye ke main poori kitab padhne ke us khulase ko jab padhunga toh mujhe woh jo poori kitab ka naksh, jisko aajkal jadeed tareeke bhi hain. Misaal ke taur par, kya bolte hain mind map. Isi tarah aajkal AI ka zamana hai. Misaal ke taur par, jo note hai Google ki taraf se note LM, usmein jaake aap poori jo kitab hai ya uska jo aapne likha hai woh usmein dalenge, woh aapko woh mind map bana ke bhi dega, usko slides bhi bana ke deta hai, isi tarah us par mukhtasar yani ek revision bhi ho jati hai. Toh isi tarah ulama ne, yani har ilm mein mukhtasarat bhi likhi hain. Yani kitab ke teen maratib hote hain, mukhtasarat, mutawassita, mutawwala. Yani mukhtasarat mein kya hota hai? Yani jo nipi tuli hui baat ki jaati hai. Mukhtasar baat, chhoti chhoti kitabein hoti hain. Yeh kyu likhi jaati hai taki talib-e-ilm bunyadi taur par bade masail mein phasne ke bajaye. Bunyadi, ta'seesi, markazi, foundational cheezon par focus kare taki uski bunyad mazboot ho toh uske upar hum poori building khadi kar sakein ilm ki. Aage Shaykh farmate hain ke. Al-qism-us-sani wahiyal zawabit-ul-khasa bikull fannin minal funun awwalan ilm-ut-tafsir. Har fun, har knowledge, har ilm ke koi na koi framework hota hai, koi zawabit-e-khassa hota hai, koi principles hote hain toh woh kya hai? Misaal ke taur par Shaykh ne farmaya sabse pehla ilm jis par Shaykh baat karna chahte hain woh hai ilm-ut-tafsir. Shaykh farmate hain Hadhil Ilm huwa asal ul-ilm. Ilm-ut-tafsir jo hai yeh uloom ki asal-ul-usool hai, foundation of the foundation. Kyu? Liannahu fiqhul Quran. Allah Tala ne Quran mein kya farmaya hai? Afala yaddabbarunal Quran, am ala qulubin aqfalha. Isi tarah dusri ayat mein afala yaddabbarunal Quran wa law kana min indi ghairillahi la wajadu fihi ikhtilafan kathira. In ayaton se humein pata chalta hai ke sabse pehle insan ko chahiye ke woh ilm-ut-tafsir par focus karein. Sabse pehle keh le ya al-muhim ilm ke sidiyon mein chadhte hue is cheez ka khayal rakhein. Ab sawal yeh paida hota hai. Kaifa yaqrau talibul ilm kutub-e-tafsir? Talib-e-ilm kutub-e-tafsir kaise padhe? Toh Shaykh farmate hain ke iske mukhtalif maratib hain, mukhtalif levels hain, al-martaba-tul-ula, the first. Level, first sidhi, woh kya hai? Marefat-ul-wujuh wan-nazair fit tafsir. Tafsir bayan-ul-maani-ul-Quran. Yani Quran mein jo milte julte alfaz hain unke maani samjhna sabse pehle. Theek hai ji. Aur unke opposite kalimat jisko matlab mukhtalif, kyu? Kyunki jo tafsir hai woh maani-ul-Quran ke bayan hai, kyunki Quran mein bahut saare kalimat aise jo repeat ki jati hain, repetitive hain, bar bar mukarrarat. Toh masalan, misaal ke taur par kai kalimat Surah Baqarah mein bhi hai, Surah Aal Imran mein bhi hai, Surah Kahf mein bhi hai, Surah Yusuf mein bhi hai, Surah aksar suraton mein kai kalimat mukarrarat ki jati hain. Aur isi tarah wujuh wan-nazair ka yeh bhi maana hai ke kai bar ek lafz ka ek jagah pe kuch aur maana hota hai, dusri jagah par koi aur maana hota hai. Zaroori nahi har jagah ek hi maana ho, toh yeh bhi ek achha tareeqa hai. Ab sawal yeh paida hota hai ke. Ma amsal-ul-kutub fi ma'rifat-il-wujuh wan-nazair fil Quranil Karim. Sabse behtareen kitabein kaunsi hain agar main wujuh aur nazair mein padhna chahta hoon? Toh Shaykh farmate hain min amsaluha Kitab-u Ibnul Jawzi Al-wujuh wan-nazair. Shaykh farmate hain sabse behtareen aur achhi kitab is baab mein Ibnul Jawzi ki hai aur us kitab ka naam hai Al-wujuh wan-nazair. Misaal ke taur par Shaykh ne misaal di hai masalan aap dekhoge ke woh Quran mein. Woh batate hain ke as-samaa. Woh kehte hain Quran mein iske do maani hain. Aur masalan woh kahenge al-arz. Arz ke Quran mein teen maani hain. Isi tarah masalan ad-daabba. Quran mein ad-daabba ke char itlaqat hain, char maani hain. Toh yeh ek achha andaaz hai. Is se aapko pata chalta hai ek lafz ke mukhtalif maani ho sakte hain. Siyaq-o-sabaq se kaise woh chale. Achha isi tarah Al-wujuh wan-nazair mein ek aur cheez aati hai woh hai Mufradat-ul-Quran. Yani Quran ke jo mufrad alfaz hain unke maani ya jisko hum log kehte hain Ghareebul Quran. Is tarah bhi keh sakte hain. Ghareebul Quran, mufradat-ul-Quran se kya murad hai? Yani Quran ke woh mushkil alfaz jin ke maani janna aasan nahi hote. Theek hai ji, bazahira. Unmein hum ab sawal poochhte hain Shaykh se, Shaykh in mufradat-ul-Quran mein what is the best book in this? Achha abhi tak hum Arbi kutub ki baat kar rahe hain. Urdu mein ismein mukhtalif logon ne kaam kiya hua hai. Aur inmein baaz kutub ke tarjume bhi ho chuke hain. Misaal ke taur par ek maashallah Maulana Abdur Rahman Keelani ki kitab hai iske upar. Isi tarah aur bhi ulama ki kitabein hain Urdu zuban mein, lekin hum ek talib-e-ilm ki baat kar rahe hain jisko Arbi aani chahiye, jisko Arbi ke saath maanusiyat ho, woh Arbi padhe. Toh Shaykh se humne poochha ke Shaykh in mufradat-ul-Quran aur inmein aap humein koi kitab batayein toh Shaykh ne kaha ismein jo sabse, yani. Behtareen kitab chahe usmein thoda aqeede ke lihaz se thoda sa kuch kalam hai, woh hai Kitab-u Mufradat-ul-Quran. Mufradat-ul-Quran lil Raghib Al-Isfahani. Raghib Al-Isfahani ki kitab hai Mufradat-ul-Quran aur mere khayal mein iska tarjuma bhi ho chuka hai, Allah aalam. Toh yeh kya hai? This is the first beginning level. Of entering in tafsir, knowledge of tafsir. Yani ilm-ut-tafsir mein dakhil hone ki yeh pehli sidhi hai. Theek hai ji?

[8:18]Ke usmein aap Quran ke alfaz ke maani jaane aur Quran ke alfaz ke maani ke mukhtalif itlaqaat aur mukhtalif maani jaane, balki baaz ulama yeh kehte hain ke ismein insan phir yaad bhi kare. Isliye hum jab padhte the Darul Hadith Al-Khairiya mein toh usmein woh humein yeh yaad karwate the. Bolte the yeh yaad karo, idhar se yaad karo, Surah masan, Surah Baqarah ke sare maani yaad karo. Alfaz jo mushkil, sare nahi matlab iska yeh matlab nahi hota ke aapne pura lafz ba lafz nahi, usmein jo mushkil hai. Jo ek aam Arbi padhne wala hai, uske liye mushkil aati hai. Hum abhi Urdu daan ki baat hi nahi kar rahe. Theek hai ji. Achha ji ab Shaykh ne kaha, yeh ho gaya pehla level. Ab Shaykh se hum poochhte hain Shaykh what is the second level? Shaykh what is the dusra, dusri jo marataba hai woh kya hai? Shaykh farmate hain al-martaba-tus-sania an tarjia fit tafsir ila ishtiqaqil kalimat. Shaykh yeh isko bolte hain ilm-ul-ishtiqaq, ishtiqaq-ul-alfaz. Yani jisko English mein bolte hain root words.

[9:16]Yani Qurani alfaz ke root words kya hain? Uske ishtiqaqat kya hain? Uske jo ek lafz ke kitne alfaz usmein se paida hote hain, yeh janna. Yeh ek alag samandar hai. Taki aapke andar Shaykh farmate hain taki aapke andar jo malaka-e-lughawiya, aapke andar jo lughat ki his hai, aapke andar jo, yani aap us lughat-e-Arabiya-e-Qurania mein maharat-e-tamma aur yad-e-tula hasil kar le. Is liye. Taki aap jab Quran padhein, ek hota hai ek aam bande ka Quran padhna. Ek hota hai nahi, jisko maashallah ilm-ul-maani, ilm-ul-ishtiqaq, ilm-ul-mufradat-ul-Quran, alfaz-ul-Quran, yeh padhte hain toh uski gehraiyon mein ho jata hai. Achha ji, ab yeh aage this is the second level, dusra level. Ab hum Shaykh se poochhenge Shaykh what is the third level? Shaykh what is the teesra, teesri jo marataba hai woh kya hai? Shaykh farmate hain al-martaba-tus-thalitha, an tanzura ila kutub-ut-tafsir. Ke aap tafsir ki kitabon mein jaanch padtal karein. Aur Shaykh farmate hain ke tafsir ki kitabein there are two schools of thought or you can say there are two schools.

[10:41]In madrasat-ut-tafsir. Tafsir, kutub-ut-tafsir ke do aap keh sakte hain tareeqa-kar hain, do madaris hain, do sochne ke zaawiye aur do sochne ke andaaz hain. Number one, Madrasat-ut-Tafsir bil asar. Woh madrasa, woh school, woh zaawiya-e-fikr jismein tafsir ki jati hai asar ke zariye. Asar kisko bolte hain? Qaallahu qaalar rasul. Tafsir-ul-Quran bil Quran, tafsir-ul-Quran bis Sunnah. Yani hadith ki buniyad pe tafsir karna ya. Quran ki tafsir Quran ki buniyad pe karna. Is pe aage baat aayegi abhi filhal is pe hum rehte hain. Dusra madrasa, dusra school, tafsir ke kutub mein, woh hai Madrasat-ur-Rai. Madrasa of opinion, fikr, soch. Aur ismein Shaykh ne kaha do kismein hain. Number ek. Madrasat-ut-tafsir bir-ra'iy-il-mahmud, Madrasat-ut-Tafsir bir-ra'iy-il-mazmum. Yani ek school of thought hai Madrasat-ur-ra'iy mein tafsir bil-ra'iy mein jo qabil-e-madah, qabil-e-yani achhi achhi rai ki buniyad pe. Woh kya hai? Al-ijtihad wal-istinbat. Yani Quran aur hadith ko madd-e-nazar rakhte hue, maine Quran ki is tafsir ki, apni rai ke mutabiq ijtihad karke yeh maana liya. Yeh kya hai? Yeh tafsir bil-ra'iy al-mahmud hai. Sahi hai, theek hai ji? Jiski jo buniyadein hain, woh shar'ee aur sahih aur saleem hain. Dusri jo problematic tafsir bir-ra'iy hai, woh kaunsi hai? Tafsir bir-ra'iy al-mazmum, jo qabil-e-mazammat tafsir karna apni rai ki buniyad pe. Theek hai, bi ghair hujja. Yani Tafsir bir-ra'iy al-mujarrad bi ghair hujja. Yani apne aql ki buniyad pe. Uss aql ki buniyad, us fikr, us soch ki buniyad Quran aur hadith mein nahi, bas maine yeh socha. Masalan, aajkal kuch log nauzubillah. Apni taraf se Quran ke tafasir aur maani nikalte hain without any prayer knowledge, without any basis of knowledge. Unke paas ilm-ut-tafsir, ilm-e-yani Arbi nahi padh sakte, Quran sahi tareeqe se nahi padh sakte. Haan, phir bolte hain kya? Ke Quran mein portal hai, Quran mein time traveling hai. Quran mein Surah-tul-Portal hai, astaghfirullah. Kaunsi hai bhaijaan? Surah-tul-Maarij ko bhaijaan ne Surah-tul-Portal bana diya hai. Yeh kidhar se laye hain? Inki jadeed zehan aur aqliyat ke mahir, psychology ke mahir ne nikal ke laye hain. Haan aur Arbi aur Quran padh ke dikhayein, Arbi ko koi kitab padh ke dikhayein. Haan, yeh bada masla hai. Yeh qabil-e-mazammat cheez hai. Achha ji, toh Shaykh kya farmate hain? Ab ismein main kya karun, as a talib-e-ilm? Shaykh, yeh toh aapne bada mere liye mushkil kar diya, confuse kar diya, Shaykh. Toh Shaykh farmate hain ismein yeh ahem hai ke aap shuru karein toh tafsir bil-ma'thur. Yani rai wali tafsiron mein jaane se pehle, chahe woh qabil-e-madah rai ho ya qabil-e-mazammat rai ho. Unn dono se pehle aap tafsir-e-ma'thur padhein. Ab theek hai na? Misaal ke taur par, ismein aqwal-e-salaf bhi ho aur is tarah ho. Theek hai? Ab Shaykh farmate hain ke kutub-ut-tafsir jo ma'thur hain, usmein bahut saari kitabein hain, usmein bhi hum hua toh aage zikr karenge. Ya, yani bande ke liye kaam, masalan tafsir Ibn Kathir ho gayi, ya is tarah ki jo tafsir-o-tafasir hai jismein ahadith par zyada focus hota hai, jismein is cheezon par. Theek hai ji? Achha ji. Shaykh farmate hain ke aap rai ki jo tafsir hai, tafsir-ur-ra'i al-mahmud. Jismein buniyad achhi hoti hai, usko bhi padhne se pehle kuch tafasir ko padhein. Jo jismein aslaf aur salaf ke aqwal bharpur hain. Theek hai? Misaal ke taur par, Tafsir-ul-Qurtubi, Tafsir-ul-Alusi, jismein woh qaul-ul-salaf padhe, salaf ke aqwal. Isi tarah abhi maashallah ek Mau'su'at-ut-Tafsir al-ma'thur. Karke aayi hai maashallah, yani encyclopedia, kya kehte hain, ency, encyclopedia. Encyclopedia hai tafsir ki. Lekin asar ki buniyad pe. Almost mere khayal mein 20-25 jildon mein hai. Theek hai ji? Unmein woh har ek ayat par salaf ke aqwal. Salaf ke aqwal se kya murad hai? Sahaba ke aqwal, tabieen ke aqwal. Theek hai ji? Achha ji. Achha ji, why? Kyun main tafsir mein salaf ke aqwal padhun? Shaykh farmate hain is liye, kyunki aap kisi bhi masle ke sawab, sahih ya ghalat hone ka yeh ho hi nahi sakta ke sahaba ko ek maana nahi pata tha, tabieen ko nahi pata tha, atba-e-tabieen ko nahi pata tha. Toh aap maashallah mahapurush, bhai, haan? Aapko jaake yeh ilham hua, ilqa hua, amad hui. Pichhle 1400 saal kisi ko pata nahi tha ke is lafz ka maana yeh hai. Aap maashallah Shaykh-ul-Islam, Shaykh-ut-Tafsir ko ab pata chala. Yeh ho hi nahi sakta. Yeh ek andaaz mein bahut badi khatarnak, jurrat mandana rawish hai. Theek hai ji? Yeh abhi hum kis hadd tak baat kar rahe hain? Tafsir ki ijmali, alfaz aur in cheezon par. Na ke usmein ijtihad, woh ek alag chapter hai, usmein hum aayenge. Theek hai ji? Aage chalte hain. Kyun? Kyunki sahaba Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ke zamane mein maujood the. Unhone wahi jab nazil hui, unhone dekha, toh unko zyada pata hai ba nisbat hum jaise jo 1400 saal ke baad paida hue. Theek hai ji? Ab sawal yeh paida hota hai ke Shaykh tafsir bil-ma'thur mein hum kis tarah tadarruj, yani step by step chalein? Tafsir bil-ma'thur mein agar hum padhna chahein. Abhi hum yeh sari kya baatein kar rahe hain? Ek aalim taiyar karne ke liye. Ek talib-e-ilm jo ilm ke unchaiyon tak pahunchna chahta hai, jo Shaykh-ul-Islam banna chahta hai, unke bare mein. Hal-lu banju, haan, bas guzara karna, inki baat nahi kar rahe hum. Asmanon pe humne jana hai, hum uqab hain. Humne asmanon ko chhoona hai inshaAllah. Theek hai ji?

[17:07]Usmein Shaykh farmate hain at-tadarruj fi qira'at-ut-tafsir bil-ma'thur, tafsir bil-ma'thur padhne mein jo humne maashallah upar jana hai, usmein hum is tarteeb se chalenge. Number one, Sahifat-u Ali ibn Abi Talib an Ibn Abbas. Hazrat Ali Radi Allahu Anhu ka jo sahifa hai, usmein tafsir hai. Phir tafsir Abdur Razzaq as-Sana'ani. Phir tafsir Ibn Kathir. Phir tafsir al-Baghawi. Phir tafsir Ibn Jarir at-Tabari. Ab Shaykh farmate hain. Ab agar tum in sab kar lo, phir tum jaake bhaijaan tafsir bir-ra'iy wale mein chhalaang maro. Unki tafasir padhna shuru kar do. Lekin pehle inse toh guzaro taki aapka jo mizaj hai na, ek mind set, ek environment, ek eco-system, woh taiyar ho. Filter taiyar ho, ke kal ko koi rai wali baat inse takraye toh aap usko clear kar do. Bole nahi nahi, yeh thoda sa problematic hai. Theek hai ji? Achha ji.

[18:18]Yeh toh ho gayi tafsir ki baat. Ab baat hogi inshaAllah agle majlis mein ke kutub-ul-aqeeda. Aqeeda ki kitabein padhne ke liye kya tareeqa-kar hai? Usmein bhi do tareeqe hain aur usmein hum kaise tadarruj hasil karein aur usmein kya karein kya nahi karein? Mukhtasarat kaunse hain? Mutawwalat kaunse hain? Usmein yani tareeqa-kar manhajiyat, methodology of reading and seeking knowledge in ilm-ul-aqeeda. Uske bare mein inshaAllah agali nashist mein baat karenge aur muta'akhkhireen aur mutaqaddimeen aur shurohaat in sab ke bare mein inshaAllah mukhtasar guftugu karne ki koshish ki jayegi. BarakaAllahu feekum. JazakAllahu khair. SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika ashhadu an la ilaha illa anta astaghfiruka wa atubu ilaik. Was-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.