[0:01]Hello everyone. So hum discuss kar rahe the photosynthesis aur humne last class tak CAM cycle tak padh liya tha. Aaj ke session mein hum discuss karne wale hain kuch important experiments regarding photosynthesis.
[0:18]Aur in experiment ki utility ye thi ki ye experiment se prove ho gaya ki do phases hoti hain photosynthesis mein. Yaani, ek light phase hoti hai, ek dark phase hoti hai.
[0:27]To in dono phases ko prove karne ke liye teen simple-simple experiments hain. Uske baad mein main aaj ki class ke andar aapko revise kara dunga ek baar C3 cycle, photorespiration, C4 cycle and CAM cycle. Kahan par kya differences hai, kya aapko dhyan rakhna hai, important cheezon ke upar apan discuss karenge. To sabse pehle hum start karte hain experiments.
[0:49]To aap heading daal sakte hain Experiments.
[0:58]for two phases.
[1:06]Do phases ke liye experiments kon-kon se huye the uski apan baat karte hain. So sabse pehle jo ek experiment hai iska naam hai Otto Warburg.
[1:16]Otto
[1:20]Warburg
[1:24]Intermittent
[1:30]Light Experiment. Ye hai Otto Warburg intermittent light experiment. Chaliye baat karte hain ki ye kya experiment tha.
[1:43]Yadi hum ek experiment setup karein jismein aapko kya condition rakhni hai wo main aapko bata deta hun.
[1:53]Maan lijiye ki aapke paas mein ek Chlorella hai. Ek single cell algae hai, Chlorella. Humne ye Chlorella liya. Teen alag-alag algae hain. Ye humne liye.
[2:04]Theek hai. Ye hai Chlorella.
[2:10]Single cell algae hai isliye experiment karne mein easy rahega. Ek hi cell hai. To jo kuchh hoga wo isee cell ke karan hoga. To humne teen Chlorella separate liye.
[2:22]In Chlorella ko humne ek suspension mein daal rakha hai jiske andar hum photosynthesis teen conditions mein allow karenge, dekhna.
[2:32]Condition number one. Hum ek Chlorella ko
[2:40]24 hours ke liye
[2:45]continuously light mein rakhte hain.
[2:48]24 hours ke liye iske liye light period hai. Ye raha light period. 24 ghante isko light mein rakha. Dhyan se samajhiyega.
[2:59]Ki humne teen suspension banaye aur teenon suspension mein se ek suspension ko
[3:07]24 hour ke liye light mein rakh diya. Hamare paas dusra Chlorella hai
[3:16]aur humne us dusre Chlorella ke liye kuchh aisa setup kiya hai
[3:22]ki humne use 24 hours ke liye dark mein rakha hai.
[3:28]Ye maan lijiye ek baar ke liye dark period hai.
[3:39]Ye dark period. For 24 hours.
[3:51]Theek hai, ye ho gaya apne paas mein dusra setup. Ab humne teesre setup mein ek experiment kiya. Kya experiment kiya, dekhte hain.
[3:59]Ye jo 24 hour ka time duration hai, hum ek kaam karte hain isko chhote-chhote time durations mein divide karte hain.
[4:06]Aur us chhote-chhote time duration ko aise divide karenge ki sabse pehle isko kuchh der ke liye light milegi. Suppose karo, teen ghante ke liye isko light mili.
[4:18]To agle teen ghante ke liye isko dark period milega.
[4:22]Ye hai light period, ye hai dark period. Uske agle teen ghante phir se isko light period milega. Agle ghante phir se isko dark period milega. Uske agle teen ghante phir se light, uske agle teen ghante phir se dark, phir se light, phir se dark, phir se light.
[4:40]Jab hum ek plant ko
[4:44]alternate tarike se light, dark, light, dark, light, dark conditions provide karate hain,
[4:55]ise kehte hain intermittent light. Ruk-ruk kar light milna.
[5:01]Theek hai, ye teen aapko setup samajh mein aaye, laboratory mein kiye apan ne.
[5:05]Ab humko kya karna hai at the end of 24 hours in teenon ke andar check karni hai kitni photosynthesis hui.
[5:14]Uske do tarike hain. Pehla tarika hai aap oxygen amount check karein.
[5:19]Dusra tarika hai ki aap carbohydrate jo produce hua hai wo check karein.
[5:26]To aapko kya karna hai? Aapko photosynthesis check karni hai.
[5:32]Photosynthesis check karni hai.
[5:50]Photosynthesis. Ye condition hai second wali. No photosynthesis.
[6:04]Kyon? Kyonki jab aap ek plant ko light provide nahin karenge,
[6:12]to wo plant mein light reaction nahin chalegi, light reaction nahin chalegi to energy nahin banegi, energy nahin banegi to koi photosynthesis nahin hogi. To matlab ek option to ho gaya hamara complete. Ab baat karte hain dusre, pehle aur teesre option ki.
[6:26]Zyadatar samay humko ye lag sakta hai ki zyada light milna, continuous light milna achha hota hai.
[6:33]Kyonki usmein light milne se light reaction zyada chalegi.
[6:38]Par aap ek baar gaur kariye meri baat par.
[6:42]Hamare planet ke upar jitne bhi living organisms hain chahe wo animals ho ya plants ho,
[6:50]ve sare living organism din raat din raat din raat ke according adapt ho rakhe hain.
[6:55]Yadi humko continuously light condition milti rahe, maan lijiye hamare liye mahine bhar din jaisi condition rahe to hum survive nahin kar payenge.
[7:06]Hamari body us cheez ke liye adapted hi nahin hai, hamari body is cheez ke liye adapted hai ki hume ek particular time tak light milni chahiye and then uske baad humko dark period milna chahiye.
[7:18]Kyonki keval light mein hi growth nahin hoti hai. Bahut sare development, bahut sare growths aise hain jo dark period mein hi ho paate hain.
[7:27]To jab yadi aap ek plant ko, ek algae ko, continuously light doge,
[7:33]aapko ye lagega ki isko zyada light dene se zyada light reaction chalegi aur zyada light reaction chalne se zyada energy banegi, zyada energy se zyada photosynthesis hogi, lekin ye baat galat hai.
[7:46]Kyon? Kyonki jab aap continuously light dete ho to continuously light ki vajah se ismein ATP and NADPH zyada ban jaate hain.
[7:57]ATP zyada, NADPH zyada aur ye dono zyada ban gaye, inki recycling nahin ho rahi. No recycling.
[8:06]Recycling agar nahin hogi to continuous chain kaise chalegi? Main aapko in short batata hun. Let's suppose ki ye hamari thylakoid membrane hai aur yahan par photosystem two hai.
[8:18]Is photosystem two ke upar jab light girti hai to light girne se electron ka movement to chalu ho jayega, lekin jab last mein electron pahunchenge aur pata chalega NADP hai hi nahin yahan pe.
[8:31]Sare NADP to NADPH ban ke baithe hain. Kyonki aapne continue light dee thi na? Ek baar to photosynthesis rate hai wo badhegi. Jaldi-jaldi photosynthesis hona shuru hoga. Lekin thode samay ke baad mein samajh mein aaya ki jitne ADP the, sare ATP ban ke baithe hain, jitne NADP NADP the, wo NADPH ban ke baithe hain.
[8:54]Jab tak inka recycling nahin hoga, agli baar electron accept kon karega?
[9:00]Isliye ye photosynthesis rate kam ho jati hai.
[9:05]Then uske baad mein, jab apan teesre experiment pe dhyan dete hain to humko ye samajh mein aata hai ki light ke chhote se duration mein bahut sare ATP aur NADPH bane aur jaise hi light humne turn off kari to kuchh reaction to dark wali chali aur kuchh NADPH and ATP consume ho gaye.
[9:25]To jab agli baar wapas se light milegi to wapas bahut sare ADP and NADP honge available electron and phosphate accept karne ke liye. To yahan par kya ho raha hai? Yahan pe ho raha hai recycling.
[9:43]Recycling of ATP and NADPH. Inki recycling ho rahi hai. Isliye is condition ke andar zyada photosynthesis hogi. Hence proved ki dark ka bhi thoda sa role to hai yahan par recycling karwane ke andar.
[10:00]Sahi hai. To ek experiment humko ye yaad rakhna hai Otto Warburg ka intermittent experiment.
[10:09]Ab hum baat karte hain dusre experiment ki aur dusre experiment ka naam hai
[10:15]Q10 experiment.
[10:23]Q10 experiment kya kehta hai? Q10 experiment humko ye batata hai ki hume photosynthesis reaction ko alag-alag temperature par check karna chahiye. Kya sabhi temperature par same photosynthesis hoti hai? Ya alag-alag temperature par alag-alag photosynthesis hoti hai? Let's see, ek experiment karte hain.
[10:44]Pehle main aapko bataun Q10 ka matlab kya hai. Q10 ka matlab hota hai:
[10:55]Rate of photosynthesis
[11:06]at given temperature.
[11:13]Photosynthesis ki rate given temperature pe kya hai.
[11:16]And divided by rate of photosynthesis at 10 degree low or high temperature.
[11:37]Ye to ho gaya hamara formula.
[11:41]Ab main aapko ye experiment batata hun, setup samjhata hun. Dekho. First of all, hamare paas mein ek plant hai, wo laga hua hai.
[11:54]Humne is plant ko
[11:57]ek baar ke liye 25 degree Celsius temperature pe rakha.
[12:00]Koi bhi aap rakh lo, 25 rakh lo, 24 rakh lo, 22 rakh lo, ek baar aapki marzi hai. Ye ho gaya hamare paas mein given temperature.
[12:10]Isko kahenge given temperature, theek hai.
[12:16]Ab humne given temperature ke upar photosynthesis check kari, quantum yield check kari.
[12:22]Quantum yield.
[12:27]Let's suppose ki ismein x gram carbohydrate banta hai.
[12:34]x gram yahan par carbohydrate. Ab hamara next task kya hai?
[12:43]Isee plant ko ab ek baar 10 degree low ke upar karwa ke dekhte hain photosynthesis, isko 15 degree Celsius pe humne photosynthesis karai.
[12:57]Jab 15 degree Celsius pe photosynthesis kara ke quantum yield check kari to hume pata chala ki is baar ismein less than x gram carbohydrate bana.
[13:12]Abhi charcha karenge apan iska kyon aisa hua. Phir humne ek baar aur ismein setup kiya aur teesri baar humne kya kiya jo given temperature tha usse 10 degree zyada pe photosynthesis karai. 10 degree low aur 10 degree high.
[13:27]To is baar iski quantum yield hai wo again less than x aati hai.
[13:35]Less than x gram. Ab aisa kyon hua? Uske baare mein hum charcha karte hain.
[13:44]Photosynthesis naam ki ek reaction mein do process hoti hain.
[13:55]Light reaction
[14:02]Aur ek process ka naam hai dark reaction. Dono ko samjhna aap. Light reaction ke andar enzymes bahut kam kaam karte hain.
[14:15]Light reaction ke andar do enzymes kaam karte hain. Ek ka naam hai Water oxidizing enzyme complex ya jiska naam hai Oxygen Evolving Complex.
[14:30]Photosystem Two ke sath physically attached hai, neeche rehta hai lumen ke andar. Ek to ye enzyme kaam karta hai.
[14:37]Aur dusra ek enzyme last mein kaam karta hai, Ferredoxin NADP reductase. Ye do enzymes hain. Baki yahan pe koi enzymes nahin hain.
[14:46]No more enzymes. To yahan enzyme zyada nahin hai.
[14:57]Lekin aap yadi C3 cycle dekhen, yadi C4 cycle dekhen, yadi CAM cycle dekhen to there are many enzymes.
[15:07]Jitne steps utne enzymes. Jitne steps utne enzymes. Ab aap yahan se ek concept samjhiye.
[15:15]Z cycle hai. Maan lijiye ek Z cycle chal rahi hai. Theek hai. Is Z cycle ko aap 25 degree Celsius pe run karao.
[15:29]15 degree Celsius pe run karao ya 35 degree Celsius pe run karao. Aapki marzi.
[15:38]Jab bhi is Z cycle mein do photons girte hain to do electrons nikalte hain aur ek cycle complete hoti hai to teen ATP aur do NADPH hi bante hain.
[16:00]Yahi banega. Aap 15 degree ke upar photosynthesis karaoge to bhi aapko ek Z cycle ke andar teen ATP milenge, do NADPH milenge.
[16:11]Aap yadi 25 degree Celsius par photosynthesis karaoge to bhi aapko Z cycle ke andar teen ATP aur do NADPH hi milenge. Aur yadi aap 35 pe karaoge to bhi aapko same milenge. Reason?
[16:26]Yahan enzymes ka involvement kam hai. Yahan electron nikalte hain, wo electrons many electron and proton carriers se hote huye aage badhte hain. Electron ki movement us carrier ke redox potential pe depend karti hai na ki temperature pe depend karti hai.
[16:47]Isliye yahan par energy to utni hi ban rahi hai.
[16:52]Lekin jab aap kisi C3, kisi C4 ya CAM cycle ko aap kis pe run kara rahe ho? Alag-alag temperature pe, 25 degree pe, 35 degree pe ya phir 15 degree pe.
[17:10]Ye reaction enzyme se controlled hai. Yah reaction jo hai wo enzyme har step mein kaam aate hain. To bhai, aap ye socho,
[17:21]ek temperature par sare enzymes ek sath, ek efficiency se kaise kaam kar sakte hain?
[17:30]Ek suppose karo ki Calvin cycle ko 13 steps mein banta hai to 13 steps mein 13 enzymes to lagte hi hain kam se kam.
[17:40]13 enzyme 25 degree pe bhi kaam karenge, 13 ke 13, 35 pe bhi kaam karenge, aur 13 ke 13, 15 pe bhi kaam karenge. Ye to possible nahin hai. Koi to aisa enzyme hoga na?
[17:55]Jisko dikkat hogi. Isliye jab aap dark reaction ko alag-alag temperature ke upar run karte ho to aapko alag-alag productivity milti hai.
[18:07]Kyon? Kyonki ye reaction enzyme se controlled hai. Aapne temperature change kiya to koi na koi enzyme ko problem honi shuru ho jayegi aur enzyme ko problem hui to maan lijiye ki us particular process pathway ko problem hogi.
[18:23]To hum jab is plant ko alag-alag temperature ke upar photosynthesis karate hain to same carbohydrate har baar nahin milta. Same carbohydrate aapko har baar nahin milne wala.
[18:40]Isliye ek cheez to prove ho gayi ki koi ek process nahin hai. Yahan kam se kam do alag-alag processes chal rahi hain. Agar ek process hoti
[18:55]to wo har baar same result deti. Jaise ki aap light reaction ko dekho, light girne se energy ban rahi hai, wo aap kisi bhi temperature pe banaoge utni banegi.
[19:07]Ye ho sakta hai ki aap 15 degree temperature pe karaoge to slow chalegi, 35 pe fast chalegi, but ek Z cycle ka result wahi rahega jo hona chahiye. Hence proved ki yahan do reactions chalti hain. To ye ho gaya hamare paas mein dusra experiment.
[19:26]Ab baat karte hain teesre experiment ki. Hamara jo teesra experiment hai, this is known as Calvin Experiment. Ye experiment bahut achha lagta hai personally mujhe.
[19:44]Kyonki bahut simple hai, bahut logical si cheez de rakhi hai.
[19:49]Kya kiya inhone? Dekho. Ek glass ka box liya. Glass box.
[19:55]Is glass box ke andar inhone ek plant ko rakha.
[20:01]Ye maan lijiye koi plant laga diya. Aur is glass ke box mein inhone Carbon dioxide chhodi, wo C14 wali thi.
[20:17]Yaani heavy isotope liya inhone, radioisotope liya carbon ka. Ye C14 thi. Aur koi dusri carbon dioxide ka source yahan pe nahin hai. Sari CO2 yahi wali hai.
[20:26]Ab inhone is setup ke andar light deni chalu kari. Jab light dee inhone to light mein to light reaction chalegi.
[20:36]Aur energy banegi. Energy ban gayi. Suddenly inhone is setup ko dark mein shift kar diya.
[20:47]Suddenly dark. Jab suddenly dark mein shift karte hain to jitne ATP, NADPH bane pade hain aur jitne enzyme activated hain, ek baar thodi si der unse reaction chal jayegi.
[21:02]No doubt, dark mein baad mein reaction band ho jayegi, but initially thodi der chal jayegi. Kyonki abhi to enzyme active pade huye hain, abhi to NADP, H and ATP bana hua pada hai. Jab dark mein rakha inhone to photosynthesis band ho gayi. Ab inhone kya kiya is plant se carbohydrate nikala. C6H12O6 nikala. Jab ye yahan se carbohydrate nikalte hain to inko aashcharya hota hai ki carbohydrate mein wahi carbon hai jinho jo inhone CO2 ke andar diya tha. CO2 mein jo carbon diya tha, this is the same carbon. To bhai ab aisa kaise ho sakta hai?
[21:46]Ki inorganic carbon organic carbon mein convert ho gaya. Always remember, bina kisi enzyme ke, bina kisi metabolic process ke, inorganic material organic material mein convert nahin ho sakta na. Agar aisa hota to hawa mein jitni carbon dioxide hai hawa mein hi carbohydrate ban jana chahiye tha. Jabki hawa mein usko sufficient energy mil hi jaati hogi sunlight se.
[22:20]Lekin automatic to inorganic carbon, ye jo CO2 mein carbon hota hai, that is inorganic carbon.
[22:36]Aur jo carbon dioxide, carbohydrate mein carbon hai, that is organic carbon. So ek cheez samajhne ki koshish karo ki inorganic carbon bina reaction ke organic kaise bana? Nahin ban sakta na? Hence proved ki yahan pe koi na koi reaction chal rahi hai jo enzyme control karte hain. Kyonki enzyme hi aisa karwa sakte hain.
[23:04]To isse ye prove ho gaya ki yahan dark reaction bhi chalti hai. Light reaction to chalegi wo to pata hi hai, din mein light mil rahi hai to light reaction to chal rahi hai but dark reaction bhi yahan pe chal rahi hai. To ye ho gaya hamare paas mein Calvin ka experiment. Ab teen experiment ke baad hum kuchh chhoti-chhoti general baatein karte hain.
[23:28]Rubisco ki main aapko ek bahut achhi property samjhata hun. Aapko interesting lagegi.
[23:35]Sabse pehle aap ye samjhiye ki jo hawa ke andar atmosphere ke andar.
[23:44]atmosphere mein carbon dioxide hai, is carbon dioxide ki concentration 0.04% hai.
[23:53]Ye aapko yaad rakhni hai. Ab is carbon dioxide mein se
[24:02]teen type ki carbon dioxide hoti hai.
[24:10]Pehli carbon dioxide jismein normal carbon hai, carbon 12. Dusri mein carbon 13, teesri mein carbon 14. Jo carbon 12 hai, wah hai 98.9%.
[24:24]Yaani 0.04 ka 98.9% carbon dioxide C12 wali hai.
[24:33]Uske baad mein 1.1% hai wo C13 wali hai. Waise to 100% ho chuke hain, but hawa mein 10 raise to power minus 10% carbon dioxide C14 hai. Bahut kam hai. Ye to ek jankari ho gayi aap logon ke liye ki kitni carbon kahan present hai.
[24:54]Ab apan baat karte hain dusri cheez ki. Plants ka jo Rubisco enzyme hota hai,
[25:03]is Rubisco ke paas mein ek bahut badhiya activity hai. Is Rubisco ke paas mein ek discrimination activity hai. To ye Rubisco discriminate kar sakta hai C12 and C13 and C14. Pehli baat to C14 hai wo hai hi bahut kam. Uske bawajood bhi Rubisco jo hai wo C12 and C13 dono mein differentiate kar sakta hai.
[25:37]Yaani isko pata hai ki C12 kon si aur C13 kon si hai. Halanki koi farak nahin pad raha. Carbon is carbon. Abhi tak iske proton ka number change nahin hua hai, wo 6 hai. To carbon ki property teenon mein same hai. But ye Rubisco discriminate kar sakta hai. Aur jab kabhi bhi ye discriminate karta hai to it prefers C12 CO2 over C13. Isse kya hoga?
[26:12]Isse ye hoga ki Rubisco ke samne jab kabhi bhi C13 and C12 dono aayegi to wo C12 ko pick karega. Aap ye line likhein, likhiye. Rubisco can discriminate between Rubisco can discriminate between C12 and C13 and it prefers C12 over C13. Ye prefer karta hai. Ab main aapko ek cheez samjhata hun.
[26:46]Ye hai epidermis ki cell. Iske neeche ye hai mesophyll ki cell.
[26:57]Is mesophyll cell mein yahan chloroplast hai, aur chloroplast ke andar stroma mein yahan Rubisco hai. R, Rubisco hai.
[27:07]Teen type ki CO2 hai. C12, C13 and C14. Ye teen type ki CO2 hai, right? Pehle to aap C14 ko dekho, iske sath mein do problem hain. Pehli problem hai ki iski concentration kam hai. Concentration is very less. Dusri problem ye hai ki iska weight zyada hai.
[27:30]As compared to both of the remaining two. Iska wazan zyada hai na? Iske paas mein extra neutrons hain. Aath neutrons hain. Wazan zyada hai. In dono ke karan it cannot reach up to Rubisco. Ye Rubisco ke paas pahunch nahin paati hai. To plants ke andar C14 to fix nahin hoti hai. Ab bache do. Dono ke pichhe ki cheezein samjhiye.
[28:09]Dono mein se ek to concentration iski zyada hai, aur iski concentration kam hai. Dusri baat agar apan iske wazan ki baat karein, weight ki baat karein to C12 halki hai aur C13 bhari hai. C12 hai wo to halki hai aur C13 bhari hai. Ab aap ye socho ki ek halka molecule, ek bhari molecule hai, dono ek sath daudenge to kon sa molecule aage pehle pahunchega? Obviously, that is the C12. Dusra iski concentration bhi zyada hai na? To aapko plant ke carbohydrate mein zyada tar carbohydrate C12 wala carbohydrate hi milta hai. Point number one. Dusra point. Humne pichhe ek statement likha tha C4 plants jab padh rahe the ki C3 and C4 plants ka pata lagane ke liye hum C12 and C13 ka istemal karte hain. Kaise karte hain? Dekho, ek bahut simple experiment hai, bahut simple.
[29:16]Maan lijiye ki aapke paas mein ek plant mila. Chalo main waise hi bata deta hun. Maan lijiye ki do plant hain apne paas mein.
[29:32]Ismein se ek C3 hai, ek C4 hai. Apne ko pata nahin kon sa kya hai. Ek kaam karte hain. Apn na in dono ke samne CO2, C12 concentration 50% and CO2 C13 concentration 50% rakh dete hain. Dono ke samne barabar-barabar concentration rakh di. Ab aap socho ki maan lo ek baar ki ye C3 plant hai aur ye C4 plant hai. Ab ye plant C3 plant hai, isliye CO2 seedha Rubisco enzyme use karega.
[30:17]Rubisco. Aur Rubisco ke paas mein abhi apan ne kya likha ki it can discriminate aur ye kisko prefer karta hai? C12. Isliye jab aap 50-50 concentration dono ke samne rakhoge to aapko ye pata chalega ki is plant ke carbohydrate mein C12 hai wo percentage mein zyada hai. Ab aap socho ki C4 plant ke sath kya dikkat hai. C4 plant mein pehla enzyme jo carbon dioxide ko use karega wo hoga carbonic anhydrase.
[31:07]Carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase C12 and C13 dono ko discriminate nahin karta hai aur jab iske samne ye dono aayegi to ye dono ko hi HCO3 negative ke andar convert kar dega. Dono ko. Uske baad jo agla enzyme kaam karega wo hoga PEPcase. Aur ye enzyme bhi discriminate nahin karta hai, isliye ye enzyme bhi dono ko fix kar dega oxaloacetic acid ke andar. Ab aage jab Rubisco tak baat pahunchegi to Rubisco ke samne koi option nahin hai. Rubisco ko ye dono equal amount mein milegi. To jab aap iska carbohydrate dekhenge to carbohydrate ke andar almost equal C13 and C12 milenge. Abhi bhi zyada to yahi milega, par C13 bhi kafi milega aapko. Jab aapke paas mein ek unknown plant hai aur aapko ye nahin pata ki ye plant C3 hai ya C4 hai.
[32:16]To ab is case mein aap kya karenge? Is case mein aapko ye karna hai ki aap ise equal amount of C13 and C12 wali CO2 do. Thodi der baad mein iska carbohydrate check karo. Yadi aapko ye lagta hai ki iske carbohydrate mein C12 zyada hai aur C13 na ke barabar hai to samajh jao ki iska Rubisco kaam kar raha hai pehle jisne C12 ko accept kiya C13 ko reject kiya. Lekin agar aapko iske carbohydrate mein dono almost equal amount mein mil rahi hai to iska matlab Rubisco ne pehle kaam nahin kiya. Koi aur kaam kar raha hai. Easily pata chal jayega ki wo C4 plant hai. To ye jismein dono type ke carbons mile use kehte hain C4 plants. Chaliye ab main aapko ek last formula batata hun. Ek alag se formula hai, likh lijiyega.
[33:06]Usse pehle ek main cheez samjha deta hun. Ek hota hai sensible heat loss.
[33:14]Sensible heat loss.
[33:17]Iska matlab ye hota hai ki jab plant ki body mein heat badh jati hai to plant uska ek considerable amount to kam kar deta hai.
[33:27]Aur kuchh amount uska rakh leta hai apne paas. Yaani sensible tarike se kam karna hai. Aise nahin ki garmi lag rahi hai to sari heat kam kar do. Thodi heat to use khud ko zinda rehne ke liye bhi chahiye. Ise kehte hain sensible heat loss. Matlab soch samajh kar heat ka loss karna. Ek hota hai evaporation heat loss.
[33:53]Evaporation heat loss. Agar plant mein zyada evaporation hoga to heat bhi zyada loss ho jayegi. Usmein plant kuchh kar nahin payega.
[34:00]To apan ek kaam karte hain, ek ratio lete hain jisko kehte hain Bowen ratio.
[34:06]Yaad rakhna hai bas ye aapko. Kya pata exam ke andar aisa ka aisa aa jaye B part ke andar Bowen ratio. Bowen ratio hota hai:
[34:14]Sensible heat loss.
[34:21]Sensible heat loss divided by evaporation heat loss. Bas aapko itna sa hi ratio hai. Yaad rakh lena exam ke hisab se kaam aa sakta hai. To chalo thank you so much, aaj ke liye itna hi padhenge aur ab photosynthesis complete ho gayi hai. Ab aap bataiye comment karke next topic kya padhna hai.
