[0:01]Theek hai ji. To apni Talcott Parsons ki theory shuru karte hain stratification ki. Talcott Parsons ek functionalist tha. To sabse pehla hum ye functionalist padhenge abhi.
[0:11]To functionalist kon hote hain main aapko pehle agar bata do. Functionalist wo log hain jo mante hain ki har ek cheez ka samaaj mein koi function hai.
[0:19]Functionalist. Maine ye intro video mein bhi bataya tha aapko sociology ke. Functionalist mante hain ki koi cheez agar exist karti hai to wo isliye exist kar pa rahi hai because wo society mein koi kaam kar rahi hai, koi function kar rahi hai.
[0:30]Agar koi function nahi kar rahi hoti, abhi tak chali ja chuki hoti wo. Theek hai ji. To apna Talcott Parsons stratification ka bhi function manta hai.
[0:38]To agar iski agar aap quickly agar janni iski theory to bahut hi Talcott Parsons ki theory kafi aasan hai. To Talcott Parsons kya bolta hai ki society mein society ko pata hai ki stratification to hogi hi hogi.
[0:48]To kehhte hai kisko upar bithaye, kisko neeche rakhe. Ye society kaise decide karti hai. Society ne usme sab ne mil baant ke ek, ek meeting si kari hai, aise manta hai wo. Aur kehhte hai usme consensus develop kiya, consensus. Consensus matlab ek mat banaya.
[1:07]Ek mat kis baat ka banaya? Value ka, ki kis value dekho simple English ka word hai jis cheez ko aap value karte ho. Theek hai ji. Upar rakhte ho valuable. To kehhta value ka banaya ki kisko value karna hai, kisko nahi karna. Theek hai ji. Kehhta us par society ne consensus kiya. Theek hai ji. Okay.
[1:20]Society ne maan lo maan liya ki doctor ko mujhe jyada upar rakhna hai let's say as compared to let's say a rickshaw puller. Theek hai ji. Jo rickshaw puller ko se upar rakhna hai.
[1:29]To woh keh raha hai society ab accordingly kehhta log khud ko judge karte hain, log apni ability, capability dekhkar khud ko sochte hain ki kya woh driver banne ke kabil hai ya rickshaw puller? Accordingly they work hard for that. Theek hai ji.
[1:40]And kehhta jo jitna jyada society and kehhta society ne kuch na norms rakhe huye hain. Dekho society ne kehhta hai kuch norms rakhe huye hain, ki achha agar aap doctor banoge to itna to aapko aana chahiye. Aur let's say agar rickshaw puller banoge to aapko yeh cheezein aani chahiye.
[1:57]To kehhta aap agar jitna norms ko pura karte rahoge society aapko utna reward upar deti rahegi. Simple si baat suno. Doctori to bahut log kar rahe hain, lekin kuch doctor bakiyon se bahut jyada famous hai.
[2:06]Kyunki jo society ne norms set kiye the uspe wo khare utarte hain. Samaj unki respect jyada karta hai, wo upar chale jate hain. Theek hai ji.
[2:14]And imagine karo UPSC aspirant ho aap sab. UPSC aspirant. Society ne kehhte hai kuch na is pe bhi value consensus banaya hua hai ki achha ji, ab simple si mujhe baat batao ki aap bahut sare aap log aap IAS banna chahte ho. Let's say, let's say main aapko bolu ki aapko blank bank ka clerical wala jo paper clear karna hai.
[2:32]Aap bologe haan agar challo koi baat nahi kuch nahi mila to hum kar lenge. Lekin filhaal aapko lagta hai aap mein ability hai. Aapne khud ko judge kiya. Aap sabhi UPSC crack karna chahte ho na ki bank clerical right now. Theek hai ji.
[2:45]To accordingly woh keh raha hai ki uske baad uske baad society ne kuch norms rakhe huye hain. Agar aapko IAS banna hai to aapko ye ye ye itne ghante padhna padega, ye books padhni padengi, exam crack karna padega, jo bhi. Theek hai ji.
[2:56]Norms rakhe huye hain. Agar aap norms pe jitna khare utarte rahoge, 8 ghante, 10 ghante padhte ho har roz, notes banate ho dhang se, revise karte ho, norms pure karte rahoge aap upar uthte rahoge. Nahi pure karoge to automatically nahi upar jaoge as simple as this.
[3:09]To Parsons ki ye theory kafi simplified hai. Chalo isko ab hum dekhte hain words konse konse usme use karne.
[3:17]Pahla, wo kya bolta hai basis kya hai is ki stratification hoti kis basis pe hai? Wo bolta hai conformity to consensus. Jitna consensus pe aap conform karte rahoge us pe haan mein haan milate rahoge utna upar uthte rahoge.
[3:26]Theek hai. Consensus, keh raha consensus aise maine aapko bataya ki ek mat kaise aaya, ek mat aisa nahi hua sach mein koi meeting nahi hui.
[3:34]Lekin kehhta with time dekha gaya samaaj ne baatein kuch kuch kuch kuch maan li hai ki ye to haan isko value karein isko na karein. Theek hai ji. Okay. Us pe sabhi agar agar aap us pe agree karoge to upar uth jaoge nahi karoge to upar nahi uthoge. Okay.
[3:45]Wo keh raha hai ki har ek society mein kisi na kisi norms aur values, kya cheezein valuable hain aur kaise pahunchna hai wahan pe norms, wo us pe ek mat aa chuka hai. Theek hai ji, har ek society mein Parsons aisa manta hai.
[3:57]Jisko wo bolta hai value consensus, ki hum sab ne maan liya ki kis cheez ko ek mat hai hamara valuable kahenge hum. Theek hai ji.
[4:04]And then he says ki there is conformity to norms. Theek hai ji. Kis baat ke? Ki kis cheez ko humne desirable manna hai ya phir valuable manna hai. Okay. And society rewards those who conform to these norms.
[4:19]Kehhta iske liye jo norms banaye gaye isko jo conform karega society usko reward karti hai phir. Haan ji, bahut awesome ho ji aap. Okay.
[4:25]And then aage he writes structure kya nikal ke aata hai phir society ka. Basis samajh aa gaya hume ki consensus ko conform karega upar aayega.
[4:32]Structure kya nikal ke aata hai? Wo bolta hai structure kya nikal ke aata hai ki sirf aur sirf jitna aap jitna aap conformity dikhate ho utna aapko rewards milte rahenge.
[4:44]Conformity ke hisab se structure ban raha hai. Theek hai. Kon jo neeche Parsons kya manta hai jo log strata mein neeche hain woh conform nahi karte.
[4:51]Wo society ki baat theek se nahi mante and accordingly jo society unko reward nahi karti upar nahi aate wo. And then this inequality of rewards leads to stratification. And then high position iska matlab aapne high conformity dikhai jo samaj ne aapse expect kiya tha. Theek hai.
[5:07]Aage, Parsons says that people have different capabilities and so people evaluate themselves in terms of their ability to conform to the norms. Theek hai. Mainne baat bataya aapko. Aap khud apni aapko pata hai capability kitni hai, Parsons aisa manta hai.
[5:22]And then aap accordingly uske hisab se khud ko aap conform karwate ho norms ke saath. Agar karwa paoge society mein upar uth jaoge nahi karoge to nahi upar uthoge. Theek hai ji.
[5:29]Thereby assuring themselves that they have been given position according to their ability. Aap kitne sare log aise honge jo officer nahi banenge. And let's say wo bank mein job kar rahe honge kahenge haan mere mein itni hi ability thi itna hi ban sakta tha main.
[5:41]Theek hai ji. Bahut sare log to try hi nahi karte UPSC ki kyunki unko pata hai ki okay hamare mein itni capability nahi hai itna nahi padh sakte hum. Ye nahi kar sakte.
[5:49]Accordingly aap simple si baat suno, agar let's say MBA karne gaya, to MBA mein koi finance ki job karta hai, dhoondhna chahta hai, koi marketing ki.
[5:56]To aisa kyun hota hai koi finance koi marketing? Apni apni capability ke hisab se hi insaan decide karta hai kya karna chahiye, use kya nahi karna chahiye. Theek hai ji.
[6:04]Okay. To consequence hamara teesra parameter aata hai. Consequence kya hota hai samaaj mein? Wo keh raha hai inevitable hai. Stratification se aap bach nahi sakte, hogi hi hogi. Inevitable hai and functional manta hai.
[6:15]Society needs people with different abilities to perform different tasks. Theek hai. Kehhta hai kyunki sabhi logon mein agar ability kyunki Parsons ka manna hai ki abilities kafi different hoti hain to wo same task to kabhi karenge hi nahi different task karenge. Theek hai ji.
[6:31]And Parsons functionalist theory ka pradhan bhi hai ek tarah se to functional to hai hi hai wo keh raha hai ki because it, it matlab stratification, serves to integrate an individual with society. Kehhta society se baandh ke rakhta hai ye individual ko varna society toot bhi jayegi.
[6:47]Agar stratification nahi hogi to society toot bhi sakti hai isliye integration ka kaam bhi kar raha hai ye. Bahut badhiya ji. And then last mein universality hamara chautha parameter tha.
[6:58]Wo universality mein kya bolta hai? It will remain. Universal hai aur rahegi hamesha. Marx kya kehta hai batao quickly mujhe niche comments mein. Marx ka kya kehna tha stratification rahegi ya nahi rahegi.
[7:09]Saath saath revise karo bhaiyo main aapko baar baar repeat kar raha hoon. Agar aap revise nahi karenge to kuch bhi yaad nahi rahega iske liye notes banao. Bahut hi jyada dense ye study material banta ja raha hai. And aur jitna dense bana rahe hain aur kafi simplified hai lekin baat ye hai simplified hai revise karna bahut hi aasan hai.
[7:25]Number aapki await kar rahe hain, numbers they are just a stone throw away. Sirf aapko likhna hai revise karna hai. Roz ke target hone chahiye aapke paas kya kya revise karna hai. Ye plan ek dunga aapko main revise karne ka bhi. Abhi pehle content karo iska criticism padhte hain. Parsons ne criticise kaise kiya.
[7:42]Parsons ne nahi Parsons ko. Parsons ki kehhta hai theory kahan pe applicable hai? Un societies pe where opportunities are equal and stratification is open. Kehhta hai bhai jahan par layer mein neeche se upar aana possible ho aise hi samaaj mein possible hai.
[7:56]Otherwise isko kya bolte hain hum? Achievement based samaaj. Aisa samaaj jahan pe achievement ko value kiya jata ho wahin par hi ho sakta hai. Jaise kehhta hai example kya likhte hain hum? Does not apply to caste based society of India.
[8:08]India mein caste hai bhai, caste ne pehle hi decide kar diya agar aapki lower caste upar aa hi nahi sakte aap. Aisa ho sakta hai ki jaise ki aap bolo main to lower caste hu, maine bahut mehnat kar li. Ab mujhe higher caste ki tarah treat karo. Nahi hoga bhai.
[8:21]You are born in the caste. Us ko kya kaha jata hai? Us ko kaha jata hai ascription based system. Ki jo ascription ek ye word hum use karte hain kiske liye? Birth based. Woh cheezein aisi cheezein jo birth se aapke saath rehti hain. Generally more or less religion bhi aapka ascription driven hi hota hai, ascriptive hi hota hai. Theek hai ji.
[8:39]To isliye hamara agla point kya aa raha hai? Stratification isliye not always functional but divisive as well. Ye batwara karti hai samaaj ko, samaaj ko todti bhi hai phir is tarah se. Upar ki class, neeche ki class, Marx ne bataya hume ki samaaj mein to ye ye isne rights karwayegi revolution karwayegi. And then uske baad Parsons does not explore what will happen when people will challenge existing values. Bhai kisi particular norm ko aap nahi mante to us case mein kya hoga?
[9:04]Jaise Naxalites. Naxalites nahi mante bahut sare norms. Us case mein kya hoga? Naxalites woh hamare state ko challenge karte hain. To us particular case mein kya hoga? Kya wahan pe stratification kaise kis tarah se banegi, value consensus hi nahi hai? And then last mein when society will itself change. Society khud hi badal jaye agar. To kaun sa value consensus? Feudal society gradually democratic society banti jaye. Us case mein kya hoga? Theek hai ji. Iske bare mein Parsons baat nahi karta. Ye points hain paper mein aapne pakke likhne hai. Theek hai ji.
[9:43]To aur again one one last time I am repeating ki Parsons ka jo theory hai bahut hi simple theory hai paper mein puchi jati hai bacche attempt nahi karte kyunki Parsons samjhaya hi nahi gaya kabhi dhang se. Simple sa thinker hai bechara simple batein kar raha hai. Iske bare mein padhte raho and Parsons will give you a lot of marks. Theek hai ji. Chalo milte hain jaldi, thank you.
