[0:00]Hello, this is Mr. Wiler and I am here for your flipped lesson on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process that allows plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy. This chemical energy can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. The chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules such as sugar and starches which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water. The term photosynthesis comes from the Greek words foe, meaning light and synthesis, meaning putting together. This literally means putting together with light. Most green plants, most algae, and a type of bacteria called cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis. These organisms are called photoautotrophs because they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. They don't need to consume other organisms for food. The plants use sunlight as energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose which is a type of sugar and oxygen. The general equation for photosynthesis is six molecules of carbon dioxide plus six molecules of water in the presence of sunlight energy produces one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen. Chloroplasts are the primary sites of photosynthesis in plants. These are small organelles in the plant cells that contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the green pigment in the leaves that captures the light energy from the sun. In fact, the reason why plants are green is because chlorophyll reflects green light. This is also why plants undergo photosynthesis in the presence of all colors of light except for green. Chlorophyll is made up of two parts: chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. Chlorophyll A absorbs light from the orange-red and blue-violet parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll B absorbs light from the blue and orange parts of the spectrum. The other pigments present in the plants are called carotenoids. These pigments absorb blue green light and reflect yellow, red and orange light. These are the colors that you would see in a plant in the fall after the chlorophyll has broken down. Photosynthesis is divided into two main stages: the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions. The light dependent reactions require light and they occur in the thylakoid membrane. The reactants of light dependent reactions are water, sunlight and two molecules that are important for carrying energy, called ADP and an NADP+. The light dependent reactions produce oxygen and they convert the ADP and NADP+ into the higher energy carriers ATP and NADPH. The light independent reactions which are also known as the Calvin cycle, do not require light. These reactions take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. The reactants of the Calvin cycle are carbon dioxide and the higher energy carriers from the light dependent reaction, ATP and NADPH. The products of the Calvin cycle are glucose, ADP and NADP+. The ADP and NADP+ are then recycled and used again in the light dependent reactions. The factors affecting photosynthesis are light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until it reaches a maximum. Also, the rate of photosynthesis is at its maximum at 30 to 40 degrees Celsius. The rate then declines as the temperature continues to rise. Finally, the rate of photosynthesis increases as the carbon dioxide concentration increases. Again, until it reaches its maximum. In conclusion, photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy that is stored in glucose. The equation for photosynthesis is six carbon dioxide plus six water in the presence of sunlight produces glucose and six oxygen. The two stages of photosynthesis are the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions. The light dependent reactions produce oxygen, ATP and NADPH, and the light independent reactions produce glucose, ADP and NADP+. Photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. This is Mr. Wiler for your flipped lesson on photosynthesis, and I hope this helps.