Sociology for UPSC : ULRICH BECK's THEORY OF STRATIFICATION - Chapter 5 - Paper 1 - Lecture 10

[0:01]Choti si ek theory hai Ulrich Beck ki theory of stratification, bahut hi basic si theory hai. Isko risk-based stratification bhi kaha jata hai ki kaise Ulrich Beck ne socha. Ye bahut hi ek novel idea hai Ulrich Beck ka. Ulrich Beck kehta hai ki samaaj mein strata ban jayenge bahut saare, but kis basis pe banenge? Risk ke basis pe. To ye risk society karke naam bhi rakhega iska. Wo ab dekho ye idea samajhne ki try karo. To ye kya bolta hai Ulrich Beck? Wo keh raha hai ki, kehta hai increasingly kehta hai jo modern world mein log aisa nahi hoga ye ameer, ye garib, ya phir ye developed world, ye developing world aisa nahi hoga. Kehta hai log apne aap ko categorize karenge risk ke hisaab se. For example, wo jaise, jaise kehta hai ki kuch duniya bhar ke ameer ikatthe ho jayenge kis se? Kyunki unko let's say darr lag raha hoga shayad climate change se. Ki climate change as a risk, theek hai ji? To iske khilaf duniya bhar ke ameer kuch baat karenge. All right, theek hai. Uske baad wo bolta hai ki let's say, jo nayi-nayi tarah ki bimariya aa rahi hai, immunization chal raha hai, wo kehte hai wo ek risk banke ubharta hai. Theek hai ji. Then uske baad, jo ki aapke paas risk kya nikal ke aata hai? Nuclear, kahin radiation na aa jaye. Accordingly, kehte nayi-nayi tarah ke risk aa rahe hain, uske hisaab se log apne aap ko align karenge. Nayi-nayi tarah ke risk ke hisaab se, and that is how society will be stratified. Theek hai ji, risk ke hisaab se people will stratify themselves. Ab padh lete hai ek-do line mein. He defines risk society as a systematic way of dealing with hazards and insecurities. Kehta hai jis-jis ko jo-jo insecurity lagti hogi, jo-jo risk lagta hoga, uske hisaab se wo samaaj ke isme accordingly jaake baith jayega us strata pe. Ab agar insecurity lag rahi hai let's say, mujhe future ke regarding, kisi ko nahi lag rahi. Jisko future ke regarding ek insecurity lag rahi hai, jisko nahi lag rahi, theek hai ji? To accordingly samaaj mein do strata ban gaye, ye aisa maan raha hai. And kehta hai he induced and introduced by modernisations. For example, kehta hai naye, modernisation mein naye tarah ke risk kaise aa rahe hain? Pahla nuclear radiation ka risk, accordingly kisi ko khatra hoga zyada kisi ko kam hoga. Terrorism ka risk, bhai terrorism ek important hai, accordingly aap dekh rahe ho ki internationally bhi societies ikatthe aa rahi hain, India-Israel ka jo naya-naya pact ho gaye, theek hai ji? And India Russia se dur hat ke Israel ke nazdeek ja raha hai, uska reason kya hai security mein? Risk, kyunki we share similar type of risks, theek hai ji? Environmental pollution, alag-alag tarah se countries align ho rahi hain, societies align ho rahi hain, theek hai ji? To isse Ulrich Beck 1989 ki theory hai iski, bahut hi later theory hai. Aur isliye kafi relevant hai modern world mein, and iske baad se Ulrich Beck ke bolne ke baad se bahut research shuru ho gayi. Theek hai, Beck argues that older forms of class structure, jaise konse-konse? Jo ki wealth wagera pe based the, they will go away, kehta hai log, kyunki ab aisa nahi hai ki ab main agar let's say, main agar ameer hoon America wala, to mujhe darr nahi hai terrorism ka bhi, mujhe bhi hai, India ke ameer ko bhi hai. To accordingly, they will start aligning, theek hai ji? To isliye keh raha hai wealth wagera ke chakkar mein kuch nahi hone wala, ab hoga risk ke hisaab se log judenge. In which people occupy social risk positions that are achieved through risk aversion. Bhai mujhe bhi bachna hai isse, aapko bachna hai, chalo haath mila lete hain, theek hai ji? Okay. People will have the knowledge of risk associated and their lifestyle will be varied depending on nature, understanding, ya phir evasion of risk. Kehta hai accordingly people, they will change their lifestyle risk ko bachane ke liye, usse evade karne ke liye. And then ye idea aisa ek similar idea diya hai Anthony Giddens ne. Anthony Giddens bhi kitab likhte hain risk society ko aise define karte hain. He says that a society increasingly preoccupied with future. Wo keh rahe hain ki modern world kya hai? Increasingly preoccupied with the future. Kehta hai baat hi nahi karta modern world aaj ki, modern world to hamesha hi hamesha future pe laga hua hai ki kal hume kya karna hai. Kal for industrial revolution 4.0 aa jayega, nayi-nayi tarah ki baatein ho rahi hain, sirf future ki baat ho rahi hai, aaj ki baat hi nahi ho rahi hai. And kehta hai isiliye kehta hai future ke baare mein baat ho rahi hai to future mein uthne wale risk ke baare mein baat karte hain hum, and uske baare mein safety ki baat karte hain hum. To isliye bol raha hai isise hi nikalta hai notion of risk, idea of risk, theek hai ji? To ye chhoti si kahani thi, stratification mein aap daal sakte ho ki bhai modern perspective bhi aa rahe hain hamare paas. Ye modern perspective on stratification tha, theek hai, Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens ka mention karna hai aapne risk society, accordingly teen-char tarah ke risk bata do, that is it, theek hai ji, apne paas ek tarah ki theory reh gayi hai bas apni, W.L. Warner ki, wo bhi ek modern tarah ki hi hai, uske baare mein padh lenge abhi, theek hai ji, all right.