[0:00]السلام عليكم everyone. This is Teacher Nesma, and you are watching Arabic for All. Before we start, don't forget to subscribe if you are on YouTube, and follow our page if you are watching from Facebook. And now let's start. Today's video, inshallah, is about al-asmaa' al-mawsoola. It's like relative clauses or relative pronouns in English. What is al-asmaa' al-mawsoola? Al-asmaa' al-mawsoola are words that come after a definite or specific noun. To introduce sentences that describe that noun more or provide additional information about it. Let's see an example to understand it better. Look at this sentence with me.
[0:53]I saw the man who won the race, or who won in the race. Here the word is the noun that I want to add more information about. So, we use the word to connect between the noun and the next sentence, which is. So, is like it enables the connection to happen. Now we have, which is, and, which is. I hope it is clear now. Now let's see how many do we have in Arabic. The first one is. All of the coming are translated as who or which or that. But you have to pick the appropriate with the suitable noun because has to agree with the noun that they follow in the gender and the number and the case. So how is that? If you are using a noun that is feminine and singular, you have to use the feminine singular relative or. If you are speaking about a group of males, you have to pick the suitable masculine plural. Let's see them all. The first one is. is for the singular masculine, if you are speaking about people or objects, but only one. And if you are speaking about two, you have to use for two people or two things. can change to with a not an. Why? Because follow the same rule as the dual form in Arabic. changes to be with at the end or at the end, depending on its place. We will explain inshallah in another video. And now if you are speaking about a group of males, you have to use. for a group of males, but not a group of objects. Because as we learned it in another video, the group of objects we deal with it as we deal with a singular feminine noun. Okay? So only for people. Now let's jump to. for the singular feminine. If you are speaking about people or objects, but singular. And if you are speaking about two people or things, you have to use for two. also can come with a like and because they are the same rule. and changes depending on its place in the sentence. And if you are speaking about a group of females, you use. for. And to know that this word is, you will find it ends with. for, the words that are plural for females, and not for objects, only for people. So it ends with, Muslims, believers, teachers, students. also has another word, which can be used with the same meaning. It's. Now let's revise them all.
[5:36]Now let's move to the examples. The first example is.
[5:50]I saw the teacher who her name is Sumayya. Look at the word. It is feminine, ends with, and it is singular. A teacher. That's why I picked for singular feminine to describe it. The next example. Bring the two books that are on the table.
[6:39]Here we have with a not with an. That's why I picked also with a. And of course is masculine. That's why we used not.
[7:04]Next example. These are the students who came yesterday. Students for masculine, and it is plural. That's why we used for plural masculine.
[7:51]The two female students who entered now are my friends. dual with an and it is feminine. That's why we used also dual and also feminine with an not with a. I'd like you to know something about or, the sentence that comes after. This sentence can be one of these. They can be, a nominal sentence, or, a prepositional phrase, or, a verbal sentence. If you don't understand the difference between them, we have explained them before in another video. Click on the card above to go and see it first. So, is because it starts with a noun as we learned. is because it starts with the preposition. is also. So as you see, after it can come or or. But you have to know something. If you use or, there should be a pronoun that refers to the noun before. Like for example here. This goes for. It refers to. This for plural goes for. This is for two people goes for. So if I say is wrong. You have to pick a pronoun that is referring to the noun before. I hope this part is clear for you. So now let's move to another two relatives. These two relatives are used with all kinds of nouns, whether they are feminine or masculine, singular or plural or dual. No difference at all. And means who or which. means what. But man is more likely to be used with people and is more likely to be used with things. Let's see. I thanked who helped me. I greeted who is beside me. I gave him what I have. Tell me what happened. You have to know that and are used in different ways. They sometimes can come as a question word. And some other times like a conditional word. But in today we just focus on their usage as a relative or. And now we came to the end of the video. Let's see the homework. In this exercise, you fill in the gaps using the suitable relative.
[12:25]one. The two men have left. Were living beside us. two. The students came yesterday are hardworking. All of the spaces can be translated as who in these examples. So the students who came yesterday are hardworking. three. I saw the workers who were working in the factory. four. The boy who left now is my brother. five. The girl went who I was speaking with her. six. I saw the two ladies who won the competition. I'll be happy to receive your answers in a comment so I can check them inshallah. And if you like the video, don't forget to click like and share it with your friends. Goodbye.
