[0:08]Hi friends, welcome on yourpedia and my this video is related to the one of the topic systems approach in ecology. Uh, ecology ecology topic part and State Pollution Control Board Assistant Environmental Engineer syllabus Ecology Ecology topic under systems approach. Ecosystem is different from systems approach in ecology.
[0:37]Ecology aapko pata hai kya hoti hai wo hum pichle lectures mein define kar chuke hain. Ecology ko study karne ke liye alag alag approaches ho sakti hain. Systems approach approach hai. system basically unit hota hai aur system approach approach hai. Systems approach ecosystem ecology part analyze. Whereas ecosystem ecology ke andar unit hai. jaise suppose koi river system mai le ya lake ke aas pass ka system le wo ecology ka ek system ho sakta hai jisko eco system bolte hain. ko study karne ka tarika system approach bolte hain. Systems approach hoti kya hai abhi detail mein karenge lekin system approach kya hai aapko agar koi ecology mein analysis karna hai to aap pure ke pure jo system hai usko collectively study karo. Jaise agar aapko mere ko study karna hai mere ko samajhna hai mai kaisa dikhta hu to mere nak ko alag se dekhoge aankh ko alag se dekhoge lips ko alag se dekhoge to aapko picture pata nahi chalegi ki individual kaisa dikhta hai. Sare in components ko mera nak kan sare ko ikatta rakhoge to mera face aapko samajh jayega, visible ho jayega, aap mere ko pehchan paoge, haan ye individual to maine dekha hai. Waise hi kisi systems ko padhne ka study karne ka jo tarika hai wo hai ki entire system as a whole as a single unit aap usko study karoge to aapko wo samajh aata hai, wo aapka uska interpretation aapko pata lagti hai. Systems approach wahi hai. Baki detail mein karenge, friends. Aur kisi bhi topic ke tarike se kisi bhi topic ko jab hum karte hain uh usko pehle hum us topic ka jo understand karte hain basics hai kya. Fir uska jo document hai wo document aapko go through karna hai jo panel pe humne rakh diya hai is document ko. Isko aap document ko go through karo aur sath mein jo niche questions hain easy and moderate 70% aur 30% difficult, very difficult questions unko lagao. Toh isse aapka ye pura topic aapko understand ho jayega, aap isko samajh jayenge. Odisha State Pollution Control Board ka jo aapka exam nikla hai, ismein Assistant Environmental Engineer ke post hai, uska exam hai ye. Aur usmein aapke ye jo eligibility hai, ye branches eligible hain, aap jante hain ismein. Aur ismein 90 questions hain aur 90 minutes hai jismein easy moderate medium aapka 70% hai, difficult very difficult aapka 30% hai. 90 marks ka aapka return hai, interview 10 marks ka hai, that you know and ecology ka weightage ismein 10 marks hai. Ye aapke sare ke sare jo topics hain, friends, unko divide kiya gaya hai to Fluid Mechanics Heat Transfer 15 15 number ka matlab 30 marks ka 90 mein se ye topic hai aur ecology ka ye syllabus aapka diya hua hai. Aaj isi ecology mein systems concept, systems approach ecology mein kya hoti hai uske bare mein discuss karenge, toh systems approach ko understand karne ki try karte hain. System concept hai kya? Toh systems ka concept ka matlab hai sum total of parts jab interact karte hain toh hume chiz samajh aati hai ki agar kisi basically body ke andar kuch alag alag parts hain jo sab aapas mein interact karte hain jab sab unko ikatta hum padhte hain unki interaction padhte hain tab hume sare ka sara system samajh aata hai. Aur system ki boundaries hoti hain jo usko uske environment se alag karti hain aur uske environment aur system ke beech mein interaction hota hai aur us interaction ko hume samajhna hota hai. Ab isko dhyan se dekhna friends, aap mein se jo mechanical engineer hain wo jante hain there is something which is called thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic system is separated from its environment by boundary. Thermodynamic system hota hai, uski environment hota hai aur uske beech mein boundary hoti hai. Boundary aur thermodynamic system ke beech mein interaction hota hai. Ab ye system hai, maan lo aur system ka fir environment hai. Yahan pe environment humne solar energy ya sun ko humne environment bol diya jisse hamare paas solar energy aayegi. Maan lo system aapka hai planet earth, wo ek system hai jisko hum study karne ki try kar rahe hain, let us say. Toh solar energy jab aai aur as input mere ko wo energy mili. Ab uske andar ped paudhe hain, planet earth ke upar ped paudhe hain to jab ye solar energy aai to ped paudhe ke andar process hui. Process aap jante hain photosynthesis process hai. Photosynthesis process se kya nikla usse photosynthesis process se aap jante hain usse energy nikalti hai usse aapka jo bhi output nikalta hai, photosynthesis process hai, ek process hoti hai jo paudhe karte hain jismein wo oxygen bhi liberate karte hain, carbon dioxide carbon ko khate hain usmein. Toh wo aapke paas kuch output aaya energy ke form mein output aaya. Fir us output se doobare aap ek feedback lete ho fir dekhte ho usse kya impact aaya. Paudho ne photosynthesis process kiya paudho se let's say paudho ka jo growth hui fir paudho ko kha gaye animal kha gaye. Toh animal kha gaye to fir wo balance bana raha, feedback aaya. Toh aise pure system ke andar energy flow ko study karta hai systems approach wahi hai. Ki system aur uski surrounding ke beech mein jo interaction hota hai, to pehle surrounding se kuch input milti hai, fir surrounding ko kuch output di jati hai. Jaise hum log oxygen le rahe hain, mai ek system hu, mai apni surrounding se oxygen le raha hu, mai khana kha raha hu aur jisse mai carbon dioxide ko release bhi karta hu. Toh jaise sans lete ho, sans chhodte ho, carbon dioxide release karte ho. Ab usse kya hota hai, waise hi aapke power plant aur baki aur system hain. Usse kya hua, jab aisa system ka approach interaction hona start hua environment ke sath to with pass of time humne dekha carbon dioxide bahut zyada ho gai. Toh feedback mili ki carbon dioxide bahut zyada ho gayi aur carbon dioxide zyada hone se sare ka sara system aapka fir se gadbad hona start ho gaya. Toh ye aapka feedback mechanism bhi sath sath chalna start hua. Toh basically ek environment hota hai, ek system hota hai to system aur environment ke beech ka sare ka sara jo ye part hai ye is tarike se chalta hai hamara. Ab ismein jo basic system theory model hai system ecology mein wo aise chalti hai. Ismein jo ecological system hota hai wo open system hota hai, isliye open hota hai because jo environment hai usse usko input leni hai. Aur bahut si jo internal processes hain usse output milega aur feedback mechanism jo hai wo usko regulate karta hai system ko sare ke sare ko feedback mechanism regulate karta hai. Toh feedback mechanism regulating system hota hai aur ye jo diagram hai ye ye bhi explain karti hai. Agar aap is diagram ko samjhoge to ismein input basically wo energy hai ya matter hai jo ecosystem ke andar enter karta hai. Agar mai apne aap ko ek system bolu, individual ko ek system bolu to hum log khana khate hain hum log oxygen breathe karte hain wo hamare liye ek input hota hai. Fir biological process hoti hai, body ke andar aapka digestion biological process hoti hai. Ye process se aapka eventually output nikalta hai. Ab jitna bhi aapka muscular system hai, hum kuch khayenge uske baad hamare hum body mein kuch activities karenge, wo hamara output hoga. Chahe hum kaam karenge, chahe hum mentally kaam karenge, physically kaam karenge wo output hoga. Ab agar maan lo ki hum jo kaam kar rahe hain aur jo hum kha rahe hain wo balance nahi hai. Kha hum zyada rahe hain, kaam kam kar rahe hain to hum log jo hamara weight badhta jayega, hum mote ho jayenge aur feedback milega ki aap mote ho gaye ho to aapko khana kam khana hai. Aise system chalta hai, toh system approach mein ek aapka ecological system hota hai. Fir usko environment se input milti hai, fir wahan pe system ke andar process hoti hai, fir output hoti hai, input aur output ke beech mein feedback mechanism hota hai jo is system ko balance rakhne mein help karta hai. Yahi hai systems approach toh ye aapko pata hona chahiye aur do char jo obviously jo information kaise question ban sakte hain wo niche questions aapko diye huye hain ki questions kis tarike se frame ho sakte hain. Aur questions mein aapko pata lag jayega ki ye jo ecological system hota hai ye open hota hai kyuki ye environment ke sath interactive hota hai. Toh ab ye detail mein jo maine discuss kiya hai ye yahan pe explain kiya hua hai ki environment jo system ke bahar ka ek chiz hoti hai jaise hamare liye planet ke liye sun ek environment hai, wo external system hota hai aur uske andar solar energy, climate, soil, water, human ye sare ke sare chiz aati hai. Input jo hota hai, wo jo environment se tum lete ho wo input hoti hai. Yahan pe solar energy, water, nutrients, organism ye sare input ho jate hain aur uske baad aapka process hota hai. Process ke andar photosynthesis, respiration, consumption, decomposition, ye sare ke sare uske process hote hain. Uske baad output hota hai, output ke andar aapka ye jitna bhi aapka heat, carbon dioxide, oxygen ye sare ke sara nikalta hai, ye uska output hota hai. Aur feedback do tarah ke hote hain negative feedback aur positive feedback, isko dhyan se dekhna. Negative feedback agar de di jaye to usse system aapka stabilize hota hai. Jaise predator prey ka balance hai. Jaise predator hai jo kisi chiz ko kha jata hai, prey jisko kha jata hai wo balance banane mein aapne kayi bar suna hoga ki hum chicken ko nahi khayenge to chicken ki population badh jayegi. Toh ye balance rakh raha hai ki jitna aapka predator hai, predator agar prey karega, khayega prey matlab hunting karna kha jana to agar kha jayega to balance bana rahega. Toh negative feedback balance karti hai system ko positive feedback jo hai system mein amplification lati hai, badha deti hai. Fir arrows hain, input output wagarah feedback ka arrows hote hain to aise system ko wo dynamic rakhte hain. Fir ye table mein sab kuch explain kiya hai ye system approach ke jo char part hain, input hai, process hai, output hai, feedback hai in charo components ko explain kiya gaya hai aur example bhi ecological example ismein diye gaye hain. Toh isko ek bar go through kar lo ki kaise systems hain aur kya uske examples hain. Just go through this.
[10:18]Ab environment kisko bolte hain? Environment basically wo chiz hai jo system ki surrounding hai to system ki surrounding ko environment bolte hain aur system ko hum closed mante hain agar uski koi interaction environment ke sath nahi ho rahi lekin ecology mein aisa nahi hota. Ecology open system hota hai basically kyuki uski interactions hoti hai. Toh closed system open system lekin hamara jo ecology hai wo open system hota hai. Aur jo boundary hai usko interface bol sakte hain jahan pe interaction hota hai. Living organisms jitne bhi hain wo open system hote hain kyuki wo matter ko exchange karte hain environment ke sath. Toh ye aapka environment hota hai. Ab general system theory (GST) kya chiz hai, GST bolte hain. Goods and Services Tax nahi hai, ye General System Theory hai. Toh ye ek holistic framework hai jo ecosystem ko complex organized aur open system ki tarah se analyze karta hai. Iske bahut se component ho sakte hain ecology mein biotic, abiotic. Kisne diya tha ye Ludwig von Bertalanffy jaisa naam lag raha hai lekin Bertalanffy dekh lena ye naam inhone isko diya tha. Toh ye jo ecological focus hai usko system type ka ek analysis karne mein help karta hai jaise energy flow ko study karenge, nutrient cycle ko analyze study karenge, feedback loops ko study karenge. Toh basically general systems theory ecology mein aise work karti hai. Iske key concepts kya hain General Systems Theory ke ecology mein. Holism ecosystem ko basically as a whole padha jata hai kyuki jo interactions hain wo zyada important hoti hain than individual components. System jo hai wo only iske parts ko padh ke samajh nahi aata. Aur system ecological system jo hota hai wo open hota hai. Yahan se question ban sakta hai waise toh General Systems Theory, System Theory ek hi chiz hai lekin General Systems Theory System Theory ecology ke bare mein ye bolti hai ki ecology holistic system hota hai as a whole hi padhna chahiye. Open system hota hai aur iski properties hoti hain wo emergent properties hoti hain aur interaction jo iske components ki interaction hai usse basically likhti nikalte hain aur interaction se hi system samajh aata hai. Jab system ke components aapas mein interact karenge toh un interactions se hi hume system ki understanding zyada hoti hai. Aur ye jo feedback aapka jo loop ya regulation hai ye homeostasis ya stability deta hai. Aur ye basically homeostasis stability jo aati hai wo uske negative feedback ke base pe aati hai. Do tarah ke feedback hote hain, negative feedback, positive feedback. Negative feedback se aapka stability ya homeostasis aata hai. Ye bahut zyada important hai, homeostasis ka matlab hota hai stability ya balance. Aur positive feedback se amplification aata hai. Ecological system ko hum hierarchies mein zarur baant sakte hain. Toh hierarchies banti hain alag alag hierarchies to ecological system ko hum aise baant sakte hain. Application ecological system ka basically ye jo hai systems approach ka iska application ecology mein kya hai. Ecological jitne bhi processes hain unko model karne ke liye systems approach ka use kiya jata hai. Jaise Odums ka energy system language niche explain kiya gaya hai, jisne energy flow ko through food web analyze karne mein use kiya hai. Odums ka energy system language model.
[14:02]Toh energy system language model pe bhi question aa sakte hain aapke aur is system ka Odums ne jo system diya tha uska analysis uska use kiya gaya tha energy flow food web mein kaise flow karti hai energy food chain mein energy ka flow kaise hota hai usko study karne ke liye hum is system ka use kiya tha. Toh ecology mein systems approach ka use yahan pe hota hai. Toh agar aapse koi puche system approach ka ecology mein ek example do toh ye model uska apne aap mein ek example hai. Is model mein se bhi kuch question aa sakte hain. Complex jo hote hain ecosystem, jo complex ecosystem hote hain unko study karne ke liye bhi isko use kiya jata hai. System ecology emphasizes energetics and holistic analysis. General system theory ecosystem ko samajhne padhne ke liye bahut important hai jo input process output aur feedback loops ke upar work karti hai. Aur ye jo sare ka sara hai ye environment system ke andar jo complications hoti hain unko study karne mein helpful hota hai aur ye pure ecosystem ko ek open system manta hai.
[15:10]Toh systems ecology ya systems approach in ecology, wo ek hi chiz hai. Toh general systems theory, system theory to study ecology, system ecology ya systems approach in ecology ya systems approach in ecology, wo sare ke sare ek hi chiz hai, systems ecology aur ecosystem in ecology alag chiz hai. Ecosystem ek unit hai. Ecology ke andar ek unit ko ecosystem bolte hain. Lekin systems approach in ecology, ecology ko padhne ka tarika, usko analyze karne ka tarika. Toh emergent properties matlab individual part nahi, component ki interaction. Emergent property matlab component jo hai wo aapas mein kaise interact karenge. Wo uske example bhi diye huye hain. Toh Energy Systems Language model jo hai Odums ka wo uska ek example hai, niche diya hua hai, ye hai wo. Ye mathematical modeling language thi jisse complex system ko samajhne mein help hoti hai. Energies ek term hai, Energy Circuit Language bolte hain usko, Energize energy circuit language jisse aapka ecosystem ke jo alag alag functions hain unko show kiya jata hai. Aur ye bataya jata hai ki energy kis tarike se flow karti hai in the system. Energy circuit language. Circuit matlab flow ya loop. Energy ka flow universal language of system toh ye basically iske kuch important points kya hain energy system language ESL model ke. Pehla toh ye hai ki energy ek universal language hai jo alag alag system ko comparison karne mein hume help karti hai. Aap isko alag alag system ecology mein padhoge toh aapko dikhega hum basically chahe food chain ki baat kar rahe hain, chahe hum you know species ki baat kar rahe hain lekin hum baat energy flow ki karte hain ki energy kaise flow karti hai. Toh universal language hai wo. Toh agar exam mein question aaye ki universal language hai kya ecology ki toh wo energy hai. Ye model aapko kuch symbols hote hain un symbols ke through basically diagrams mein standardize set of symbols hota hai diagram jo use karti hain jinko energees bolte hain aur wo show karte hain ki energy kaise flow kar rahi hai.
[17:49]Har symbol ko mathematically define kiya ja sakta hai aur jo diagram hai wo aise dikhti hai jaise mathematically aap usko present kar rahe ho. Top down approach hoti hai ye. Top se bottom tak sare ke sare system ko components mein toda jata hai. Ismein kuch components jaise circle kya show karta hai energy source jaise sunlight hai, fuel hai, water hai. Storage tank bullet shape mein hota hai.
[18:22]Energy aur jahan pe energy wagarah store kiya jata hai. So storage tank ko bullet ki form mein show kiya jata hai. Heat sink ground symbol hota hai aur jo hexagon hai ye bullet hai wo interaction show karti hai. Consumer ko hexagon ki form mein show kiya jata hai aur producer ko bullet symbol se show kiya jata hai. Toh ye alag alag symbols hain uske. Is model ka application system ecology mein ya ecology ko samajhne ke liye use kiya jata hai. Bottleneck energy flow mein kahan hai. Simulating system ko create karna toh ye basically ek model tha, mere ko lagta hai agar question aayega exam mein toh itna sa hi aayega jitna maine aapko diya hai isse zyada nahi aayega. Toh itna aap padh ke chale jana. Toh system ecology ab jitna bhi humne kiya hai, friends, syllabus mein hamare hai systems concept of ecology yahi hai wo sara. Toh jitna humne upar kiya hai wo sara yahi tha. Toh basically ecosystem jo hai hamara ya ecology usko as a loose connection nahi dekha jata components ki form mein nahi dekha jata sum total dekha jata hai. As a self regulating aur integrated system jismein sare components aapas mein jude hote hain unke beech mein energy transformation hota hai aur usko as a pure ke pure ek system interactive dynamic system ki taraf se dekha jata hai. Pura system jo hai wo holistic hai integrated hai. Toh entire ecosystem is studied as a whole and not in terms of components. Toh stability, resilience, productivity, homeostasis jo hain wo basically terms hain jo aapas ki interaction se aati hain. Jaise maine aapko bataya ki homeostasis ka matlab hota hai equilibrium ya balance. Balance aur wo balance bhi aapka feedback mechanism ya system ke jo components hain unke interaction ke baad aata hai. Toh body ke andar balance bhi aap jante hain hamara body hai input output. Hamara body hai usmein equilibrium tab aayega jab input aur output ke beech mein feedback jab aayega toh balance aayega. Ki jitna hum kha rahe hain utna kaam kar rahe hain ki nahi. Kha hum zyada rahe hain, kaam kam kar rahe hain toh body jo hai wo moti hoti jayegi imbalance ho jayega. Ya hum kha hi nahi rahe hain bilkul tab bhi weak ho jayegi body. Toh basically homeostasis means equilibrium ki state, wo interaction se aati hai. Whole is greater than sum of its parts, integrated system ka matlab ye hai. Ki jab aap pure chehre ko ikatta dekhte ho toh ek meaning nikal ke aata hai, agar components dekhoge toh aapko samajh nahi aayega. Ecosystem jo hota hai aapka wo ek open system hai, pure ke pura ecology jo hai wo open system hai. Toh systems ecology ye bolti hai ki ecology ek open system hai. Systems ecology ye bolti hai ki ecology ek integrated system hai, ek combined system hai, interactive system hai. Energy enter karti hai solar energy ke form mein aur heat ki form mein bahar nikal jati hai kisi body mein. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus cycles jitni bhi hain wo basically examples hain cycles ka, kaise matter cycle karta hai. Surrounding aur environment ke beech mein constant exchange hota hai.
[21:44]Energy flow ke upar focus hai, energy unidirectional flow karti hai producer se consumer se decomposer ke beech mein energy ka flow hota hai.
[21:58]Systems ecology mein energy flow bahut hi important basically phenomenon hai jo energy flow diagrams hain wo ek analytical tools ki taraf se use kiya jata hai ismein.
[22:16]Nutrient jo hain wo recycle kiye ja sakte hain, energy recycle nahi hoti. Ye bahut important hai toh energy flow unidirectional hai, nutrient recycle ho jate hain.
[22:54]Ab mathematical model aur flow charts ka kya use hai, quantitative tools hote hain ye, mathematical model hain jo ecosystem behavior ko simulate karne mein use kiya jate hain. Flow chart and compartment models hote hain toh jitna bhi ecosystem ka analysis hai, management hai usko samajhne mein iska use hota hai. Feedback mechanism, negative feedback, positive feedback maine aapko pehle discuss kiya. Negative feedback jo hai wo stability badhata hai, positive feedback stability ko garbad karta hai ye exam mein agar question aaya. Systems approach interdisciplinary nature hoti hai ki aap ismein bahut si chizon ko ikatta padhte ho. Toh kyu systems ecology use kiya jata hai, systems ecology ka hai kya. Isse hume in chizon mein benefit milta hai system ecology ko samajhne mein. Maine aapko ye bar bar term batayi system ecology aur ecosystem do alag chiz hai. Ecosystem ecology ka ek chhota sa part hai. Ecology science hai, ecology study hai bahut bada pure ke pure domain ka uska ek chhota sa part hai ecosystem. Aur analysis karne ka tarika hai systems approach. Toh ecosystem ek physical unit hai jabki ecosystem concept of ecology approach hai. Toh ye tarika hai kaise hum usko padhte hain.
[24:32]So ecosystem ka jo definition diya tha Tansley ne ecosystem term coin ki thi 1935 mein. Friends fir ye niche questions aapko jo diye hain, questions ko do part mein easy aur moderate questions. Ye aap lagate chale jao yahan se aapko confidence aayega, sare questions jab aap lagayenge, ye aapke panel ke upar document rakh diya gaya hai. Toh ye jitne bhi questions hain ye aapke easy and moderate degree ke 70%. Har kisi ko karne hain, achhe tarike se aapko isko karke jana hai aur uske baad niche aapke difficult category ke questions bhi hain. Toh jo difficult category ke questions hain wo ye hain 30% jin mein questions may be multiple answer type questions aapka banega. Toh ye aapke difficult category mein questions inko bhi aap kare. Toh 50 60 70 question hote hain har topic ke aur inko achhe tarike se karo toh ye video sunna hai document lena hai aur questions lagane hain aur fir regular test hamara start ho jayega. This is the way we have to prepare for Assistant Environmental Engineer Odisha State Pollution Control Board.
