[0:15]Hello everyone. In this one, I'm going to discuss about metabolic indicators in 5 to 9 years old children.
[0:25]Uh, this is CNN's data, uh, which was taken between 2016 to 2018, which was pre-COVID.
[0:31]Uh, and you'll be surprised to see, uh, how our children, 5 to 9 years old are doing.
[0:37]And the reason I want to discuss this data, because when you have metabolic, uh, issues, you know, uh, metabolic issues means, uh, prediabetes, you know, uh, high fat, uh, in the in the blood, like triglycerides are high, uh, you know, uh, blood sugars are high.
[0:57]That means there is a issue with complementary feeding. Okay.
[1:02]So we have to understand that what kind of food we are starting in children, uh, from 6 months of age and then you will, uh, understand, uh, how they fair at around five, five years of age, five to nine years of age.
[1:17]So that, uh, you know, if they are becoming metabolically unhealthy, that means, uh, food which was started at 6 months of age and whatever they had, uh, you know, as complementary foods and thereafter, is probably not healthy. Okay.
[1:33]So this is, uh, basically percentage of children, uh, 5 to 9 years of age, who have high triglyceride level. Now, triglycerides means, uh, fat. Okay. Uh, blood fat.
[1:46]Uh, that's what we check, you know, triglyceride. And if adults have high triglyceride, that means they have, uh, more fat in the liver. Okay.
[1:55]Uh, and you can see, uh, here, you know, if you look at the overall data of India, about 33% children have, uh, uh, you know, high triglyceride level.
[2:05]If you look at all these different states, this is state-wise data, you can see that West Bengal, uh, almost 67% children between 5 to 9 years of of age, uh, have high fat, okay, in in the blood.
[2:22]Uh, and this, uh, this basically denotes that, uh, probably children are having lot more carbohydrate and also fried food. Okay.
[2:30]We will discuss more in detail, uh, you know, in this course, but, uh, basically triglycerides increase when you are having high refined carbohydrate, uh, food and also fried food, okay, uh, specifically, uh, you know, seed oils.
[3:20]Uh, some of the states are, uh, children, uh, have, uh, kind of, you know, percent of children who have high triglycerides are kind of, uh, I won't call it low, but relatively low.
[3:31]So, uh, Kerala has about 16% children, uh, who are who are 5 to 9 years of age have high triglyceride. Maharashtra has about 19.1. So if you look at the average, you know, average is about 33%.
[3:44]So if you keep the average over here, say Arunachal Pradesh, uh, that that particular line, if you draw a line over here, you can see that there are many more states which are higher number than average for India.
[4:00]And that also includes, uh, you know, some of the states like, uh, you know, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, you know, uh, Himachal Pradesh, uh, Uttarakhand, uh, and also, uh, Jammu and Kashmir. Okay.
[4:12]So a lot of this northeastern states, as you can see over here, uh, have children who have high fat in the liver as well as in the blood.
[4:21]Now, the issue with high triglyceride is that these children are at risk of developing diabetes, prediabetes, uh, also heart disease, early on in life. Okay.
[4:30]So that's why triglyceride is important to keep your triglycerides, uh, in a healthy range. Now, this one is basically, uh, children 5 to 9 years of age, uh, who have high blood sugar. Okay.
[4:44]So, uh, look at again, you know, your, uh, eastern states, your Manipur, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal, have almost 21% children who have high blood sugar. Okay.
[4:56]This is pretty significant, actually, uh, that means, uh, you know, every, uh, fifth child has high blood sugar.
[5:04]And these children are at very high risk of developing prediabetes and diabetes and then subsequent complications of diabetes.
[5:10]Uh, children who have, uh, low high blood sugar, uh, you know, uh, these are, uh, basically, uh, Tamil Nadu state, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, relatively, uh, small number.
[5:22]But again, you know, as you go down, you can see more and more states are, you know, have children who are, uh, in pre-diabetic, like high blood sugar range. Okay.
[5:34]Uh, this one is, uh, basically percent of 5 to 9 year old children who have high glycosylated hemoglobin. Okay.
[5:43]So here you can see, uh, HbA1c will tell you, uh, whether, uh, child is prediabetic or diabetic. Okay.
[5:50]So this HbA1c, uh, more than 5.7, uh, this children are basically they have taken the data of those children.
[6:01]So you can see, uh, state like Goa has 26.4% children who have HbA1c higher than 5.7, which is prediabetes. Okay.
[6:10]So, uh, Haryana, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Telangana, these are the states, some of the states, all these dark red colors are pretty significant number of children or percentage of children of that state has high HbA1c.
[6:26]If you look at the overall data for India, uh, almost 9% children between 5 to 9 years of age have high HbA1c.
[6:33]So every 10th child is pretty much prediabetic. Okay. So no wonder we are we are called diabetic capital of the world because our diabetes starts from 5 to 9 years of age, as you can see, look at look at the number of children already showing prediabetes. Okay, at such a young age.
[6:52]So this will have to be very, very careful, and as you will start going through this course, you'll understand why children get high HbA1c and what can be done, you know, what recipes to recommend to children, even our, uh, home, you know, at home, we want to make sure that children are eating, uh, healthy food.
[7:16]Uh, less of carbohydrate, increased protein and increased good fats. Uh, in this, I'm going to explain, uh, micronutrient efficiency in 5 to 9 years of age, uh, in our children in India.
[7:30]Uh, this is the data is taken from CNN's, uh, which was the survey was done, uh, in 2016 to 2018, and this is, uh, government of India data. Okay.
[7:42]So this will show us that how our five years old are doing in India. Uh, micronutrients, as you know, this are all, uh, you know, uh, nutrients which are required in a very small amount.
[7:54]Uh, and this is the basically all different state level data.
[8:00]Uh, this first presentation, first slide is on Vitamin A. So you can see that, uh, Mizoram, uh, and Jharkhand has more than 40% children who are vitamin A deficient. Okay.
[8:10]Now, vitamin A, as you will see in, uh, some of our presentation, uh, that it is mainly present in, uh, you know, uh, yellow vegetables and fruits, but more than that, it is present in, uh, egg yellow and, uh, liver and, you know, other, uh, you know, other non-veg food.
[8:32]Um, but you can see that, uh, like almost two-third of our children, uh, states are not doing really well in terms of vitamin A in children. Okay.
[8:43]When children are deficient in vitamin A, they have high risk of immunity, uh, immune, uh, you know, immunity is poor and then they have high risk of infections.
[8:50]Okay. There are other, uh, kind of deficiency symptoms also and what happens if when they are deficient, that you will see in, uh, our subsequent sessions.
[9:05]But, uh, you can see that, you know, most of the children are not doing well when it comes to vitamin A. Uh, here is percent of children 5 to 9 years of age who are deficient in vitamin D. Okay.
[9:14]So vitamin D is basically predominantly you get it from midday sun. Uh, we have a very good tutorial on vitamin D, uh, do understand and just make sure that children are exposed to sun, uh, during, you know, between 11:00 to 2:00 PM.
[9:30]Uh, here you can see Punjab has 76% children who are vitamin D deficient. It's a 5 to 9 years of age.
[9:37]Uttarakhand has 62%. Manipur has 55%, and Haryana has 45. So almost like, you know, more than half of our children in like, you know, last four, five states are vitamin D deficient. Okay.
[9:50]So you want to be again very, very careful. Uh, again, these all these red states are pretty alarming numbers. Okay.
[10:00]So, uh, to kind of focus when we when we have this session on vitamin D. Uh, here is percentage of 5 to 9 year old children who are zinc deficient. Okay.
[10:10]Uh, zinc, we have created tutorial on zinc also, what happens. Uh, you can see over here, Himachal Pradesh, uh, 37.7% children are zinc deficient. Uh, Manipur is 35.3% children are zinc deficient.
[10:25]Zinc is type 2 nutrient, important for, uh, growth, important for height, uh, important for, uh, many, many functions, including immunity. Okay.
[10:34]So you want to make sure that look at this, oh, so many children are in dark red and red zone. So you want to give food which is high in zinc.
[10:47]Uh, here is, uh, data of our children 5 to 9 years of age who are iron deficient. Iron is a big problem, as you know.
[10:56]Uh, you know, huge number of children, uh, even under 5 years of age are iron deficient, you know, deficient.
[11:03]But, uh, we want to see how they are doing at 5 to 9 years of age. And you can see Punjab again has a very high, uh, iron deficiency anemia, 50% children, 51% children are iron deficient.
[11:16]Uh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, you know, pretty much pretty, pretty significant, uh, you know, iron deficiency in these children. Uh, here is, uh, vitamin B12.
[11:27]B12 is very important for brain, uh, for memory, uh, for cognition, for IQ, uh, for it's basically extremely important for brain.
[11:40]And you can see that pretty much whole of India, it's all red, you know, except for few states, uh, you know, uh, so you can see even again, Punjab is, uh, 32.3% 5 to 9 year olds are B12 deficient.
[11:54]Uh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, these are all these states which are which are lacking B12. And, uh, you know, we want to make sure that they have food which high in B12, so that they don't have B12 deficiency. Okay.
[12:10]Uh, these are the children, 5 to 9 years of age, who have folate deficiency. Now, we do give IFA, uh, twice a week, uh, in children.
[12:20]But, uh, despite that, we have a huge number of children who are folate. Folate is also very, very important, basically, for, uh, you know, uh, blood. It is also important for, uh, you know, uh, DNA, uh, you know, uh, for lot of functions.
[12:35]So we have a, uh, you know, uh, we have a tutorial on folate also. And you can see Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, this all states which are which have almost more than 50% children who are folate deficient.
[12:57]Some of the states like, uh, Goa, Kerala, Haryana, almost 20 to 30% children are folate deficient.
[13:06]Problem with folate is that if our young adolescent girls if they're folate deficient, and if we don't kind of treat this folate deficiency with diet and with supplement, then they may have a risk of developing neural tube defect once they become, once they deliver.
[13:25]So the babies who are who would be delivered to the this folate deficient, uh, girls, uh, you know, young women will have a issue with the neural tube defect. Okay.
[13:34]So we want to make sure that we tell mothers to start folate rich food right from 6 months of age. So here I'm going to end my presentation. Thank you so much.
