[0:00]Class 12 important questions and exam guide Compiled Study Material Biology Hello, my dear Class 12 brothers and sisters, welcome to our AM UNITY channel. I am your beloved brother Ashok Bhandari. First of all, I want to congratulate you because you have finished your complex Math, Physics, and Chemistry exams. Whether it went well or not, it's okay, but you've completed this many exams, so congratulations. The result will be known when it comes out. I hope it will be good because the students I taught usually get good results, right? And the questions I gave you, the questions are being asked from there, right? Some questions might be asked from outside of what I gave, because there can be some slight variations, right? Otherwise, the questions are being asked from within that material, right? So, I hope you all did well, you all did great. Therefore, I want to wish you all the best for all your exams. And today, I have brought you all, for your last remaining exam, which is Biology. And for computer students, there is the computer exam remaining. Now, for this exam, I wish you all the best. I want everyone to do well, but to do well, you need to study. You have two to three days off, so study hard for those two to three days, right? Do well. It's easily doable. For Biology, I will tell you what to study and what not to skip. Study the questions within this, you don't need to study anything else. By studying this much, you can also get an A+. You will easily get 60+ marks. So, let's start. In the first part, we have Botany, right? In Botany, what all should you study? Here are short questions, long questions, everything, right? There are about 25-26 questions. These many questions are more than enough for Botany. There are both long questions and short questions mixed in it, right? There are 26 questions in total. Yes, that's right, there are exactly 26 questions. Then, there's Zoology too, right? In two parts, okay. First, let's look at Botany. In question number one, there's the structure. Now, I'll also tell you how important it is, and which questions you can skip, okay? Don't worry about that. Describe the structure and types of meristems and permanent tissues. This question is definitely asked from here. It's for 4 marks, okay? It's very important, so don't miss it. Don't skip this question, study it well. Right? Then, describe the anatomy of dicot and monocot root and stem with labeled diagrams. (Diagrams can be given and asked to label the parts along with their functions). See, what this is, is that for you all, now, it has asked about monocot root and stem. You should first see what was asked last time. If the root was asked, then this time, the stem can be asked, so study the stem. If the stem was asked last time, then this time, the root can be asked, so study the root. This is how you should study. And the picture. Let me tell you from the beginning, a disclaimer. You all should remember one line. Biology is incomplete without figures. This line should be thoroughly studied and pondered over. It should also come to your mind during the exam. In Biology, if you write the answer without a figure, then that answer is incomplete. So, the figure is most important, right? Try to draw a figure for every question, if possible, right? Now, for some questions, you might not draw a figure, like for diseases, what would you draw? So, for many questions, you don't have to draw a figure, right? So, by looking at the question, if a figure is possible, then drawing a figure will definitely get you high marks, okay? If you are getting 70% marks, then by drawing a figure, you will get 90% marks, okay? So, the figure is very important, okay? Now I've said this. Explain the stages of secondary growth of dicot stem. This is a very, very important question. Very important, this secondary growth, okay? It's mentioned as important for long questions, look closely. Then, define the terms: diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis, and ascent of sap. These definitions are definitely asked. One question is definitely asked from here, okay? Differentiate between transpiration and guttation. Also, remember the difference between transpiration and guttation, right?
[4:44]It is often asked, right? All of it should be studied. So far, I haven't mentioned skipping any questions; all of them are important. It is going to be asked in your exam tomorrow, whenever your exam is. These questions will be asked in the exam. Explain the types of photosynthetic pigments, right? Explain the types of photosynthetic pigments. If you have time to study, then study this question, right? If you don't have time, you can skip it, okay? I won't say to skip it, but if you don't have time to study, then you can skip it, okay? Then, explain the mechanism of photosynthesis: photochemical phase and Calvin-Benson cycle. This will be asked in a long question, okay? It's asked for long questions, so don't skip this, okay? For long questions, you don't have many questions, there are only 5 questions, so you can study only those 5 questions. Differentiate between C3 and C4 plants. Very important. Define photorespiration. Very important. Explain the mechanism of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system.
[5:54]This time, see whether glycolysis or Krebs cycle is asked. One of these two is sure, okay? So, for long questions, this is also important. The electron transport chain should also be reviewed, okay? Don't leave the electron transport chain either. Then, list the physiological effects of auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, right? This is also a very important question. There is only one question here. This is also something you should study, okay? You should study this much carefully. Define seed germination, dormancy, photoperiodism, vernalization, senescence, and plant movements (tropic and nastic). Now, for these, you just need to study the definitions, okay? You just need to study the definitions. And explain the structure and function of DNA and RNA. For DNA and RNA, let's do this, just study the differences between these two, that will be enough, okay? Explain DNA replication, right? It was asked last time, probably. This time, there's no chance, I think, right? Because I don't think it will be repeated. If it is repeated, then it's a very important question. It has been repeated many times, okay? And then, our define genetic code, just study the definition, right? Explain for long questions, see: State and explain Mendel's experiment and laws of inheritance. For laws of inheritance, this is very important for long questions, okay?
[7:05]Mendel's experiment of the P plant is very important, okay? Okay, then, for number 17, there's Explain gene interactions (incomplete dominance, codominance). Here, for incomplete dominance and codominance, study them well, right? One question can be asked for short questions, okay? Okay. For number 18, explain the concept and types of linkage (complete and incomplete). See, complete linkage and incomplete linkage are also very important. This is asked for long questions, okay? See. Describe sex-linked inheritance (color blindness in man and eye color of Drosophila). This is also very important for long questions, okay? For long questions, you all, I have written long questions here, so don't miss these long questions, okay? Short questions are also asked from here, long questions are also asked from here. Describe the concept and significances of crossing over. Now, if you have studied crossing over above, then you will have already studied this, okay?
[8:01]Right, you will study that. And then, what's next? Explain the types of mutation (gene and chromosomal) and polyploidy (origin and significance). This is mentioned as important for long questions.
[8:14]You all should do this: study mutation, right? But if you don't have time, then this question, you can skip this question, okay? According to, you know, just by looking at the board's model, okay? Uh, okay. Next, define the terms: pollination and fertilization. For definitions, just say the definition, that's enough, okay? You just need to study the definition. Explain the development of male and female gametophytes. You should know how the male gametophyte develops, how the female gametophyte develops, it can be asked in short questions. If you have time, review it, otherwise, you can skip it according to how you have studied, okay? But it is important, okay? It is important. Then, how does development of dicot and monocot embryos occur? Now, for dicot and monocot, how does the embryo develop? I think one question will be asked from these two questions, okay? From the above development and the one below. One question will be asked from these two. Okay. Now, let's look at the define terms: tissue culture, plant breeding, disease resistance plants, genetic engineering and GMOs (genetically modified organisms) and applications, bioengineering, food safety and food security. These, you just need to study the definitions, okay? It's simple, right? If you read it once, you'll understand it immediately. So, just review it once, just read it superficially, you'll manage, okay? Green manure, biofertilizers, and bio-pesticides. These are all easy, so if you read it once, you'll remember it immediately, okay? So, just read it once. Then, for the Zoology portion, see. In the Zoology portion, you have very important, see, there might be 35 questions here. Exactly 35 questions. This many questions, study them. If there are some questions you want to skip, I will tell you which ones to skip. I'll also tell you which questions not to skip, okay? Explain the structure, functions, and location of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. This is very important. I have also taught you all this, right? If you watch my videos, I have taught almost all of the Zoology questions, okay? You can watch them in our channel, in the live section. I have conducted live classes of two, two hours each, and have covered everything there, okay? You can watch the videos from there. Describe the stages of development of frog: cleavage, morulation, blastulation, gastrulation, organogenesis - formation of notochord, nerve cord & coelom. I have also taught all these important things, right? How this time, the formation of coelom can be asked here, right? These can be asked. I have taught all of these in those live classes. You can watch the video there, okay? And then, describe the structure and function of the alimentary canal and digestive organs. Very important, this is something that can be asked, okay? Your alimentary canal can also be asked in long questions, okay? This is for long questions, very important. Explain the physiology of digestion. Very important for long questions. One question can be asked from these two, okay? Explain the respiratory organs of the human body. Respiratory organs of the human body. Just for 5, 4 marks, this question can be asked. It's important. Describe the respiratory mechanism: exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration. Very important, okay? From here. It can also be asked in long questions. Explain the structure and working mechanism of the heart. Very important, okay? Very, very important, okay? From the heart, how does the heart work? You have been studying this since childhood. Describe the origin and conduction of heartbeat. Very important. One of these two is sure, one question. Okay? Now, in define terms, there's cardiac cycle, cardiac output, blood pressure. This is important, okay? List the blood grouping of human beings, human beings, okay? Blood grouping, now, if you have time, study it, otherwise, this is usually asked, right? If you have time, study it, it's very important. If you don't have time, you can skip it. But it is important, okay? Mention the major arteries and veins of arterial and venous systems of human body. You can skip it, okay? Right? Define terms, these are the ones. These are usually not asked; you can skip them. Explain the excretory organs of human and state their functions. This is important. More important than this is this: urine formation, okay? Urine formation is very important, okay? Okay. Next, explain the types of nervous system: central, peripheral & autonomous. Like peripheral nervous system, autonomous nervous system, central nervous system. These, you need to know how to explain. I have also taught this. Very important. Describe the structure and function of the brain. I have also taught this. Very important. More important than this is explain the origin and conduction of nerve impulse. I have also made a video on this. You can watch it on the channel, okay? Very important. Very, very important. Okay? Then, describe the structure and function of the eye and ear. One question is always asked, every time. Last time, the ear was asked, so this time, focus on the eye. I have also taught this. This time, the eye is important. Describe the structure and functions of hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; hypo- and hyper-activity and related disorders. I have taught all these important, important things. I have taught their structure as well as their functions. This time, the important ones are pituitary, always pituitary is important, thyroid is important, and hypothalamus. I have taught all of them, right? So, watch the video there, review it once. I have explained everything very clearly, okay? Explain the male and female reproductive organs. Now, for this, you all, this time, if the female was asked last time, then this time, the male is important. So, study the male properly for long questions, okay? Very important. Describe the ovarian and menstrual cycle. Very important for 4 marks, sometimes it can also be asked for 8 marks. This is also important, okay? From the reproductive system. Very important. What is the human growth problem? What are the control strategies of human population growth? It is asked, you all can write it in your own language. You can easily do it, okay? This question. Define demographic cycle. Now, the demographic cycle is not that important, so you can skip it. Explain the concept of cardiovascular, respiratory & renal disorders; substance abuse: drug, alcohol, and smoking abuse. This is also asked, and if you read it once, you will easily understand it, okay? In define terms, what is reflex action, what are taxes, what is dominance, what is leadership? These are not very important terms, right? Not important terms; I would have said if they were important, okay? Then, explain fish and bird migration with examples. This can be asked. So, it is important; study it. Explain the effects and control measures of air, water, and soil pollution. You can write this in your own language. Read it once, review it, it's very important, right? This question can be asked for 4 marks. Explain pesticides and their effects. You can write pesticides, right? It's easy, you can remember it, okay? Then, there's our poultry farming and fish farming. Poultry farming and fish farming are also asked if you look at the papers. Read it once, you can write it yourself in your own language. If you get an idea, write it, or it can come as an 'or' option, right? Then, describe diseases (Typhoid, Tuberculosis and HIV infection, cholera, influenza, hepatitis, candidiasis) on the following topics: Introduction, causative agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures. This is asked in long questions. Very, very important for this time. I have told you what is important in those videos, and I have also taught what is important this time. So, you should study this very, very, very, very, very important. It's sure. Sure, a long question from here. What are the types of immunology and vaccines? This can also be asked to you, right? This is also important. Types of immunology and vaccines. List the applications of microorganisms in dairy and beverage industries. This is not that important, right? Explain the microbial contamination of water, sewage, and drinking water treatment. You can write this in language-based questions yourself. Read it once. Define bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. You can also read this once yourself and write it yourself. Self, right? So, these questions, when you prepare for biology, it's not likely to be asked outside of this, right? It won't come from outside of this; it will be asked from within this. So, practice these many questions, right? You should know each and every question before the exam, right? Now, I have told you which questions to skip, which are important, which not to skip. So, I have told you everything. So, I hope you all study these many questions. Uh, and I want to say this much in this video. If you have any questions, if you need a video on any topic, then quickly comment, right? I will bring videos according to your comments, right? Biology is the last exam, so, uh, I want to say this much in this video. If the video was helpful, then like the video and subscribe to the channel, because I will keep making such helpful videos. Now that your exam is over, what do you gain by subscribing, right? But it helps your brothers and sisters, right? If there are many subscribers, then many people watch, and if there are many comments, then other brothers and sisters also see this video, right? So, by commenting and liking the video and subscribing to the channel, don't forget to do it, right? Okay, that's it for today. Let's meet in the next video. Until then, bye-bye. Study well. Best of luck for your Biology exam from my side, right? Best of luck in advance. Okay, thank you for watching.
