عربی لغت اور تأریخ میں تحقیقی منھج | علمی مہارت کا حصول | شیخ سیف اللہ ثناءاللہ

[0:08]Alhamdulillah-e-Rabbil-Aalamin, Was-Salat-o-Was-Salam-o-Alan-Nabiyul-Ameen. Ab hum aatay hain is taraf ke agar koi talib-e-ilm lugat ki research, lugat ki tehqeeq karna chahay, lugat main research karna chahay to woh kya karay? Al-Bahti-fi-Kutubil-Luga. Sheikh farmatay hain ke talib-e-ilm kay liye zaroori hai kay jab woh, yani tehqeeq karay, lugat main, to woh, yani hashiye main kisi ki taraf ishara kartay huay zaroori hai kay woh is cheez main diqat apnaye aur is cheez ka khayal rakhay. Aur isi tarah, Sheikh farmatay hain kay talib-e-ilm kay liye zaroori hai kay woh lugat kay mukhtalif madaris aur lugat kay mukhtalif jo mo'tmad kitabain hain uska bhi usko pata chalna chahiye. Kay us kitaab main us alim-e-fulani nay aur kin ka qoul, kin ka, kin kay, yani batain, kin ki batain lugat main qabil-e-ehtijaaj hain, jis ko hujjat mana jata hai aur kin ki baaton ko nahin mana jata. Isliye bohat zaroori hai kay banda is cheez ka khayal rakhay. Sheikh farmatay hain misaal kay tor par kay kitabain hain, jo, bari hi behtareen hai un main say aik kitab Sheikh nay zikar kiya hai. Misalan, Al-Jauhari fi kitab-e-Sihahul-Lugah. Yeh kitab Sihahul-Lugah Al-Jauhari ki hai. Woh kehtay hain kay unhon nay yeh kitab likhi, kab, 40 saal Arab kay badu, baadiye main reh kar seekha, phir 40 saal us main khapaya, phir ja kay yeh kitab likhi. Aap ko lagta hai lugat aisay hi mehfooz hai? Nahin, lugat ko Allah Ta'ala nay mehfooz kiya aur uskay liye in jesay bandon ko chuna hai. Jinon nay apni zindagiya umar khapa di. To yeh bohat zaroori hai aur unhon nay kis tarah 40 saal Arab kay jo badu log hain unkay peechay ghoomtay thay. Unhon nay kya baat kahi? Unhon nay is main tasniya kya, is main jama kya hai? Aur woh ja kay is ko likhtay aur bari yani us main unkay liye bari mashaqat aati. Ab idhar aik do sawalat paida hotay hain kay, Hal yani zaalika anal-Arabi lam yadkhuli lahimul-lahnu albata. Alaisa samha maadda auradaha illa wahiya masmoo'atullahu min kalaamil-Arab. Sheikh farmatay hain, kya is ka yeh matlab hai kay Arab main Arab main yani puranay Arab main un ki zubaan main koi ghalti nahin hai? Koi ghalti nahin hai. Aur kya jis banday nay yeh kitaab likhi hai, har lafaz kay peechay unkay paas koi na koi hujjat aur daleel hai? To Sheikh farmatay hain bilkul. Yani, jo, yani Kitaabul-Jauhari aur As-Sihah jo hain woh ahle-lugah kay nazdeek, aisay hi hai jesay hamaray haan Sahih-Bukhari aur Sahih-Muslim hai. Lekin Sheikh farmatay hain, Laakin fihi ashiya un laa mustanadal-laha indal-baahasil-lugawiyil-as-Sahih.

[3:02]Sheikh farmatay hain kay, yani ahle-lugah ki in kitabon main say baaz aisi batain bhi hain is main paye jatay hain jis ka koi sanad nahin hai, jis ki koi sar-pair nahin hai, jis ki koi buniyad nahin hai. Aur isi tarah Sheikh farmatay hain kay baaz lugat ki kitabon main aqeeday kay masail hain. Yani misalan, Ar-Rahman-o-alal-Arshis-Tawa, Allah Ta'ala Rahman Arsh par mustawi hain. Ab iskay baaz lugat ki kitabon main is ka ghalat ma'ana kiya jata hai, istaula aur is main ashaar paish kiye jatay hain. Aur us main misalan shair shair ka qoul paish kiya jata hai, Qadis-Tawa Bishrun Alal-Iraq. Bishar nay Iraq par istawa kiya, iskay phir log kehtay hain dekho qabza kiya, yani uskay upar istaula kiya, yeh bari khatarnak baat hai. Achha ji, isliye Sheikh farmatay hain agar koi banda research karna chahay lugat main har lugat kay lafaz kay peechay samandar hai, ilm ka. Isliye talib-e-ilm ko chahiye kay woh Lugat-e-Arabiya main, yani maharat hasil karay. Aur wa hatta tuhkamul-Arabiya wa tuhkamul-Mullafat wa tuhkamul-Usul wa usul-e-istidlal. Thummah usulun-Nahwi phir aap usulun-Nahwi, usul-e-istidlal, yeh sara aap janain gay. Misalan Sheikh farmatay hain, Imam-Suyuti ki aik kitaab hai, Al-Iqtirah-o-fi-Usulin-Nahwi-w-Jadalihi. Aur isi tarah, Usulul-Lugati-li-Muhammad-Siddiq-Hasan-Khan-Al-Qanuji-Al-Bulgha fi Usulil-Lugah. Isi tarah Lugat-e-,yani Arabiya main bhi aur isi tarah Usul-e-Fiqah, Usul-e-Tafseer, Usul-e-Hadith, in sab main Sheikh farmatay hain, Laisa sam'ma ilma illa walahu usulun tasil-o-biha ila qawanina tuzbat-o-biha. Sheikh farmatay hain koi aisa ilm nahin illa kay uskay koi na koi usul paye jatay hain, jis kay miyaraat aur standards aur measurements hotay hain, jis kay miyaar par woh sari cheez, yani muzaiyan aur muzarrakash aur mabni hoti hai. Isliye Sheikh farmatay hain kay talib-e-ilm yeh na samjhay kay agar usnay copy-paste kar diya aur masdar daal diya kay main nay is ko Sihah main say laye hai bas nahin. Aur jaan chhoot gayi nahin, Sheikh farmatay hain kay zaroori hai kay Labudda ay-yataharra talibul-ilm as-sawab. Bohat zaroori hai kay talib-e-ilm sawab aur sahi cheez ko jaanch-partaal karay. Phir aagay woh kehtay hain, wal-bahtho fi kutubit-tareekh. At-tareekhu tatarrazul-lahu li-umurin misal-oha. Sheikh farmatay hain Tareekh jo hain, yani Tareekh main aap nay research kaisay karna hai? Theek hai na? Sheikh farmatay hain Tareekh kay upar aap nay agar kaam karna hai to us main kuch cheezon ka khayal rakhna parta hai. Number one, istidlal-e-ahad-e-ahle-ilm-e-bi-mauzoo-e-minat-Tareekh-i-awas-Seerah. Zikr-e-shubhatin bi anna-as-Sahabata Radiyallahu-anhum kanu yaf'aloona amran mo'ayyanna aw waqa'ata aw waqa'at aw waqa'at kaza hasala minhum amrun mo'ayyanun aw ghaira zaalik. Yani woh boltay hain kay baaz agar aap misaal kay tor par koi Alim-e-Deen Tareekh ya Seerat kay kisi mas'alay par baat karay, ya koi banda Sahaba kay muta'aliq Na'uzubillah kay yeh log koi khaas amar kartay thay. Ya inhono nay Na'uzubillah is tarah ki koi waqeya main unhon nay shirkat hasil ki. To ab kaisay talib-e-ilm tehqeeq karay. Kaifa yuhhaqiq-o-talibul-ilm tilkal-masa'ilah aw ghairaha allati tatarrazu laha fit-Tareekh. Kaisay aik talib-e-ilm is main research karay, tehqeeq karay. To Sheikh farmatay hain, Innal-kutubul-mut'a-akhirah fit-Tareekhi akhazat minal-kutubil-mut'aqaddimah kamaa huwal-haalu fi Sa'iril-Uloom. Sheikh farmatay hain jo muta'akhirin ki kitabain hain Tareekh main unhon nay pehle ki kitabon say akhaz kiye hain jesay kay tamam kitabon main kiya jata hai. Aur kutubul-mut'aqaddimeena kanat tunqal-o-bil-asanid-i. Aur jo muta'aqaddimeen ki kitabain hain Tareekh ki, woh asaanid narrations kay buniyad par naqal ki jaati thi. Misaal kay tor par Sheikh farmatay hain, Kitabi Urwah ibn-e-Zubair, jesay kay Urwah ibn-e-Zubair ki kitab. Wa Ibn-e-Abi-Khaisamah, aur Ibn-e-Abi-Khaisamah ki kitaab. Wa Ibn-e-Ishaq ilat-Tabari, aur isi tarah Ibn-e-Ishaq ki kitab aur Imam-Tabari ki kitaab. Thummah ja'at kutubul-mut'akhirin, phir baad main muta'akhirin ki kitabain aayi aur us main bohat saray aisay waqeya'at hain jis ki koi asaanid nahin. Misaal kay tor par Sheikh nay kutubul-muta'akhirin ki chand misaal paish kiya. Misaal kay tor par, Kitabul-Muntazim li-Ibnil-Jauzi. Wa Kitabul-Kamil fit-Tareekh li-Ibnil-Athir. Aur isi tarah, Kitabul-Bidayat-i-wan-Nihayat-i-li-Ibn-e-Katheer-in. Is main bohat sari batain hain kay kuch sanad kay baghair hain, kuch sanad kay saath hain. Isliye Sheikh farmatay hain, Faiza araada Talibul-Ilmi Bahtham-Masa'ilatit-Tareekhiyat-in Nazara fi Kutubil-Mut'aqaddimeena liannaha Tazkurul-Waqiyata bil-Asanid-i fa-yanzuru Talibul-Ilmi fi Isnad-i hazihil-Waqiyati li ya'arifa Thubutaha aw adama thubutaha. To agar talib-e-ilm kisi mas'alay main tehqeeq karna chahta hai aur research karna chahta hai khaaskar tareekhi mu'amlay main to mutaqaddimeen ki kitabon ko jaanch-partaal karay aur un kay asanid ko dekhay kay aaya un asanid main koi garbar to nahin hai? Ta kay woh jaan lay kay kya aaya yeh jo tareekhi waqeya hai yeh waqeyi sabit bhi hua hai ya nahin hua hai. Aur Sheikh farmatay hain kay yeh jaan lena chahiye talib-e-ilm ko kay bohat saray mustashriqeen, kya aap ko pata hai mustashriqeen kis ko kehtay hain? English main in ko orientalist kehtay hain, who are the orientalists? Mustashriqeen un goray kafiron ko kehtay hain jo ist'emaar, istikhraab, colonization kay, aap keh saktay hain mulazimeen aap keh saktay hain unko, woh udhar say aatay hain, west say, maghrib say aatay hain mashriq main. Aur Alam-e-Islam main phailtay hain, Arbi seekhtay hain aur maharat hasil kartay hain, Fiqah bhi seekhtay hain.

[9:05]Maqsad kya hota hai? Islam ko samajhna, Arabiyon ko samajhna ta kay un main zarb laga sakay. Isi tarah to baaz mustashriqeen nay kitabain bhi likhi hain. To Sheikh farmatay hain kay baaz mustashriqeen nay Islam main zarb laganay kay liye, yani logon kay andar fitna paida karne kay liye tawareekh likhi hain, Tareekh ki kitabain likhi hain Islami aur us main unhon nay amanat-e-ilmiya ka muzahira nahin kiya. Yani moral and ethical values un main nahin thi to isliye unhon nay bohat sari masail ki. Isliye talib-e-ilm ko chahiye kay woh mustashriqeen ki kitabon par e'timad na karay. Aur bohat afsos say kehna parta hai aaj kal kay hamaray baray so-called danishwaran aur musaqqifeen woh log mustashriqeen say mutasirreen hotay hain. Aur Islami Tareekh ki batain udhar say latay hain, boltay hain Sheikh Will Durant nay yeh kaha apni kitaab main Islami Tareekh kay baray main. Ya Sheikh woh kya boltay hain us mustashriq nay, gold Zihri nay yeh kaha ya usnay is tarah ka, nahin. Tareekhi batain, Islam ki batain hum musalmanon say lain gay kuffar say nahin lain gay, yeh pehli baat yeh yaad rakh lain. Achha ji, isi tarah Sheikh farmatay hain kay talib-e-ilm kay liye munasib nahin hai kay jab woh bahas kar raha ho, woh yeh kahay kay aurad-o-hut-Tabariyoo, Imam Tabari nay iska zikar kiya hai. Nahin balkay dekhain kay aaya Imam Tabari nay jab zikar kiya hai kya woh sahi bhi hai ya nahin hai? Yeh bohat zaroori hai. Sheikh farmatay hain, yani Tareekh, tareekhi ma'amlaat main kis tarah tehqeeq karni, kis tarah bahas karni is par aaj kal kay zamanay main koi kitaab nahin likhi gayi siwaye aik kitaab Sheikh farmatay hain uska naam hai Mustalahul-Tareekh. Yeh aik shakhs hai Asad Rustum, uski kitab hai, bari behtareen, bari a'ala, bari nirali, main nay parhi hai aur uska mukhtasir bhi likha hai. Bari hi behtareen jandar hai usnay Mustalahul-Hadith, Hadith kay usul ko aur jadeed Mustalahul-Tareekh, un donon ko jama karnay ki bari hi munfarid koshish ki hai. Har talib-e-Tareekh aur Hadith ko woh parhni chahiye. Al-Bahtho fi Kutubil-Aqeedah. Sheikh farmatay hain agar koi mas'ala, koi banda, koi talib-e-ilm aqeede kay mas'alay main agar dekhna chahay to kya karna chahiye? To Sheikh farmatay hain sab say pehle, yabda'u awwalan bi-mukhtasaraati a'immatid-dawatil-Najdiyah. To woh shuru karay A'imma-e-Dawat-e-Najdiya ki mukhtasaraat say, mukhtasar kutub main say. Misaal kay tor par, Shaikh-ul-Islam ibn-e-Taymiyyah aur Ibn-e-Qayyim Rahimahumullah. Aur yeh dekhay kay unhon nay is mas'alay ko, is mas'alay kay baray main kya kaha hai? Aur unhon nay isko kaisay paish kiya? Aur unki is baray main kya rai hai? Is kay baad woh aqeede ki bari kitabain main chhalangay maray aur khaaskar yahan tak kay woh Kutubus-Sunnah Kutubus-Sunnah yahan tak kay woh Kutubus-Sunnah tak pohanch ja'en jo jis main asaanid hain us kay upar phir woh ja kay muta'ala karay. Is say kya hota hai? Sheikh farmatay hain is say talib-e-ilm mas'alay ko tasawwur aur samajhnay main uskay liye bari wus'at aur uskay liye bara faida mand sabit hota hai. Aur agar talib-e-ilm jab Salaf ki kitabon main nazar daurata hai to kayi baar aisa hota hai kay usko udhar say aik qaa'ida aisa qaa'ida, aisa buniyadi rule aur principle mil jaata hai jis kay upar bohat saray masail kharay ho saktay hain. Achha ji, isi tarah Sheikh farmatay hain agar aik shakhs aik talib-e-ilm ahle-bid'at ki kisi ai'tiqadi mas'alay ko jaana chahay to woh kya karay? To Sheikh farmatay hain kay woh is main bhi sab say pehle A'imma-e-Dawat-e-Najdiya kay mukhtasaraat main ja'e, A'imma-e-Dawa kay aur us main ja kay woh dekhay kay kaisay unhon nay mas'alay ko bayan kiya hai? Aur mukhalifeen ka aqeeda us main kya hai? Jab woh is cheez ko jaan lay phir woh ja kay ahle-hawa-w-bid'at kay kitabon ko parhay. Lekin yeh har talib-e-ilm kay liye nahin hai balkay yeh sirf unhi kay liye hain jinhon nay aqeede ko main girift achhi rakhi hai. Aur khaaskar kutub-e-Shaikhul-Islam ibn-e-Taymiyyah aur Ibn-e-Qayyim main unhon nay Masha'Allah yad-e-tola aur maharat-e-tamma rakhi ho. Ab sawal yeh paida hota hai kay Hadith kay mu'amlay main hum kya karain? Hadith main agar hum nay research karni hai? To Sheikh farmatay hain, Manahij-o-Shurraahil-Hadith-i-Mukhtalifah. Muhaddiseen aur shurraah-e-Hadith, shurraah-e-Hadith boltay hain jinhon nay Hadith ki sharah ki hai. Unkay manhaj mukhtalif hain, sharah karnay main unkay methodologies different hai. Walaisat kullu mas'alat-in yazkur-oha ahad-us-shurraahi ma'naha innaha hiyya mazhab-o-ahlil-Hadith-i. Allah-o-Akbar. Agar kisi Hadith kay shaarif nay koi aisi rai ya koi aisi baat keh di to uska yeh matlab nahin kay yeh jo baat usnay kahi hai woh mazahib-e-Ahle-Hadith ka mazhab hai ya yeh baat zyada haq hai. Iska koi zaroori ma'amla nahin hai, yeh zaroori nahin hai Sheikh farmatay hain. Misaal kay tor par Sheikh farmatay hain, shurraahul-Hadith-i-as-Sabiqun kal-Khattabi fi sharhihi li Sahihil-Bukhari. Boltay hain jesay kay Imam-Khattabi nay Sahih-Bukhari ki sharah ki hai. Isi tarah yani wali-Sunan-e-Abi-Daud Ma'alim-us-Sunan, Khattabi nay Ma'alim-us-Sunan bhi sharah ki hai. Aur isi tarah farmatay hain Sheikh nay Fathul-Bari Hafiz-Ibn-e-Hajar nay likhi hain. To is tarah kay mukhtalif jo fa'aid zikar kiye gaye hain. Ab Sheikh nay aik aur akhri sawal paish kiya hai, woh kehtay hain, mal-kutubul-lati e'tamada alaiha shurraahul-Hadith-i min Ulama-il-Hind-i khassatan. Boltay hain kay Ulama-e-Hadith jo Hind kay hain, Bar-e-Saghir kay jinhon nay shuruhaat-e-Hadith likhi hai, unhon nay kin kitabon par e'timad aur rely kiya hai? To Sheikh farmatay hain number one, fil-lugat-i-e'tamadu alal-Qamusi-l-Muhit. Lugat main unhon nay e'timad kiya hai Qamus-e-Muhit par. Aur sharhul-Hadith main unhon nay e'timad kiya hai Al-Mirqat jo Mullah Ali Qari ki hai aur Hafiz-Ibn-e-Hajar ki Fathul-Bari par aur Nail-ul-Autaar lish-Shauqani par. Aur teesri jo cheez hai, Naqlul-Mazahibil-Fiqhiyyah main boltay hain, yanqule baazum mim baazun. Boltay hain mazahib-e-fiqhiyya main woh aik doosray say naqal kartay hain aur ya'tamidu baazum ala baazum bi-silsilatin taduru bainahum. Aur woh aik doosray kay upar rely aur e'timad kartay hain kay woh aik doosray kay saath guzar jatay hain. Chauthi baat woh boltay hain, fi-mas'alat-it-tahqiq-i-wat-tahrir-i iza qala misalan ar-raajiho kaza fahuwa yurajjihu bi-hasabi nazarihi. Boltay hain kay agar unhon nay koi tehqeeq tahrir ki ho to woh agar kahain kay raajeh is mas'alay main meray nazdeek sawab yeh hai to yeh unkay nazdeek hai. Aur unkay research aur unkay resources ki buniyad par yeh hai.

[15:56]Isliye Sheikh farmatay hain, kullama kana mutamakkina fi fannin kana tarjeehuhu aqraba lis-sawab. Jitna jitna woh us fan main mutamakkina hotay hain utna woh aqrab lis-sawab hota hai. Tauzihu ma taqaddama bil-amsilah. Tauzihu ma taqaddama bil-amsilah. Abhi aapko misalon say bhi baat paish kartay hain. Talibul-ilm-i iza iqtasara fi mas'alat-in ma alama huwa maujood-un fi Kutubish-Shurooh-il-Muta'akhkhirah wa qala hazih-i-hiya Kalimatul-Fasl-i. To Sheikh farmatay hain kay agar yani talib-e-ilm yani kisi mas'alay main muta'akhirin say dekhay to us main bhi achhi cheezain mil jati hain aur mutaqaddimeen main bhi mil jati hai. To isliye talib-e-ilm kay baray main Sheikh farmatay hain kay woh apnay aap ko mahdood na karay. Aik hi sharih, aik hi mulk kay log nahin, woh mukhtalif shuruhaat, mukhtalif cheezon main woh dekhay. To isliye bohat zaroori hai kay talib-e-ilm in cheezon ka khayal rakhay. Sheikh farmatay hain kay yeh kaisay ho sakta hai kay aik talib-e-ilm yani baghair kisi maraj'e, baghair kisi us cheez kay research karay. Aur Sheikh farmatay hain, Mal-lam-yudrik-o-ilm-ul-usul-i mithla mal-yudrik-o-ilm-ul-usuli-l-Fiqah. Yani jo jiskay paas Usul-e-Fiqah na ho, woh Fiqah kaisay hasil kar sakta hai? To jiskay paas Ilmul-Isnad-i-As-Sahih min-az-za'eef-i kana la ho to woh kaisay jaan sakta hai kay shuruhaatul-Hadith main jo batain kahi hain woh sahi hai ya ghalat hai? Isliye Sheikh farmatay hain jo muta'akhirin ki shuruhaat-e-Hadith hai uskay upar aap nay andha e'timad nahin karna. Aur Sheikh farmatay hain yeh bohat ta'ajjub ki baat hai kay aaj kal kay baaz researcher aaj kal kay baaz Ulama ki baaton par e'timad kartay hain aur puranay muhaqqiqeen, muhaddiseen aur shurraah-e-Hadith kay upar e'timad ya un say parhna ya un say seekhnay ki koshish nahin kartay aur Salaf ki baaton kay upar ghaur-o-fikar nahin kartay. To Sheikh farmatay hain, Fakhuz min haisu akhazu. Jinhon jahan say unhon nay liya hai wahan say tum liyo. To yeh warna yeh kami aur nuqs ki alamat hai. Allah Ta'ala hamain in baaton par ghaur-o-fikar karnay ki taufiq day aur Allah Ta'ala hamaray ilm main izaafa karay. Wa akhiru da'wana Anil-Hamdulillahi Rabbil-Aalamin Subhanak-Allahumma-wa-bihamdik Ashhadu An-la-ilaha illa Ant Astaghfiruka wa atubu ilaik was-Salamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.