[0:00]Okay, here we go, ready? Action. The faster you go.
[0:07]The more momentum you have. Woah! Faster and faster! More, more momentum. Careful. Huh? Woah!
[0:33]Science rules!
[0:38]Inertia is a property of matter.
[0:59]Whenever something's moving, it has momentum. Now, the lab door is big and heavy. So, to open it, we need momentum.
[1:16]Let's get some momentum.
[1:21]Woah! You'll watch out!
[1:29]See, moving things have momentum. Now, the faster something's going, or the more it weighs, more mass it has, well, the more momentum it has. Now, when moving things run into each other, momentum can transfer. Take a look at this. It's our momentum bowling ball machine of science! Now, a bowling ball is heavy, right? And if it's moving, it's going to have momentum. Watch what happens when I give it a push. Careful.
[2:07]See, when objects that have momentum run into each other, some of that momentum transfers. And the faster something's going and the more it weighs, the more mass it has, the more momentum will transfer.
[2:22]You can transfer momentum from one thing to another. All you need is a ruler, a dime, and a quarter. Now, what you want to do is line up the dime really close to one end of the ruler. And then watch. The quarter's momentum is transferred to the ruler and then to the dime, which moves away really quick. Now try the same experiment in the opposite direction. Only this time, it's the dime that moves the quarter. Now put the quarter really close to the end of the ruler. And see, the quarter only moves a little bit because the quarter weighs more than the dime. Hey, it's science!
[3:44]Here's a truck full of marbles, and it's going down the road. It's got momentum. It hits a holiday ornament that happens to be hanging in the middle of the road. See, the ornament bounces off the truck. The truck transfers some of its momentum to the ornament. Now, suppose the ornament couldn't move. Suppose somebody built a brick wall in the middle of the road. Now, we'll make the truck run into the ornament again. And when it does, it's going to transfer momentum.
[4:23]Now, if you added up all the momentum of all the pieces of the ornament and all the marbles, they would equal the same amount of momentum as when the ornament just bounced off the truck. Isn't that wild? Isn't that wild? I mean, a truck full of
[4:47]If you're not moving, then you don't have any momentum. But moving things do have momentum. Momentum. Momentum is movement. A model rocket is a rocket. And it uses momentum to move. The momentum of the hot fuel going this way equals the momentum of the rocket going that way.
[5:35]Lift off. We have lift off at 9:34 a.m.
[5:48]The momentum of the hot fuel going this way equals the momentum of the rocket going that way.
[6:00]Jai alai is a sport that originated in Spain, and it's the fastest game.
[6:15]You get it in the tip and you flick your wrist and it pops out the momentum and here just builds up until it flies off the tip and that's how it gets its high speeds.
[6:38]It's been clocked around 300 kilometers an hour and it's basically the world's fastest game.
[6:52]You know, dear, I wonder why our window keeps breaking. It's momentum, Dad. When this ball hits the ground, its momentum will go right back into the ball. It'll bounce.
[7:07]Momentum. Now, we'll drop the same type of ball, only this one has been soaked in very cold liquid nitrogen. It's very cold and the ball's thin rubber skin will be brittle and maybe a little flat. Hmm.
[7:29]Now the momentum of the individual pieces is equal to the momentum of the bouncing ball.
[7:38]The explosion doesn't make any difference.
[7:43]That's what we call the conservation of momentum.
[8:18]The Soap Box Derby is a car without any motors or anything, just gravity momentum, and aerodynamics also is a big part to do with it. Now check my brake now.
[8:39]Whoa, you go down the hill and it goes really fast. You don't have an engine, and you break when you get past the white line.
[8:51]When you get to the bottom of the hill, the cars have a lot of momentum. More momentum the better. How can rockets zoom through space where there's nothing to push against? Well, consider the following. Rockets move because of the momentum of their fuel. Now here I have a rocket in my pocket. It's the plastic rocket of science. And for fuel, we'll use just air. Put it in with this small air pump. 20 pumps.
[9:30]Three, two, one. Oh. Three, two, one.
[9:47]Not not very impressive. No. So, we'll do it again with a little heavier fuel. Here's the same type of rocket with a little water in it. See? Now the water is heavier than air, so when it goes out the back, it'll have more momentum. And that should make the rocket go higher. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 pumps. 21, 22, 23, 24. Not bad. Now, as long as the fuel's going this way, the rocket will go this way. And the momentum of the fuel going out the back very fast equals the momentum of the rocket going off the other way, not so fast. The rocket doesn't have to be going straight up, no. It works in any direction.
[10:40]Three, two, one.
[10:44]Here's a cool thing to do.
[10:48]Get a tennis ball and put it on top of a basketball. Now drop them.
[11:00]The basketball's momentum is transferred to the tennis ball, which makes the tennis ball fly away really fast.
[11:10]Hey, but don't take my word for it. Try it yourself. Now, a transfer of momentum.
[11:21]See? Not bad. Did you see my head go back? That was a transfer of momentum.
[11:58]Building up momentum is hard work.
[12:12]Ping-Pong balls are great for ping-pong, but they're not for bowling.
[12:29]Not enough momentum. Oh, a scientist.
[12:33]Bowling balls are about 3 kg. They're heavy enough and we can get them moving fast enough so that they have enough momentum to knock down all the pins at once. That is, if we can hit it just right.
[12:53]Well, that was pretty good. But suppose we had a heavier ball, like 4 or 5 kg. Then we'd have enough momentum to knock down every pin every time. Now that would be cool. Hey Bill, catch. Whoa!
[13:14]Oh, Mind your manners with Billy Quan. Today's episode, Forces of Fury. Oh, nice break. Yes, I am really hitting these pins. I've got the big mole going here. Momentum.
[13:38]Yes. You know momentum depends on how much things weigh and how fast they are moving. I don't care, I'm not gonna make it. Oh, watch this. Oh. Hey, you, Mr. Cue Ball Head, you just ruined the most perfect shot ever. No, we must fight. Well, all right, then let me limber up first. Very nice momentum. You fool, the more something weighs the more momentum it has. Remember kids, be like Billy. Know your momentum. This little ball has weight and when it's moving, it has momentum. Watch. So, when we put this ball on the lower cart of science and give the cart a push, the cart and everything on it will have momentum that direction. And it won't change the momentum in any other direction. Here we go.
[14:45]Isn't that cool? The ball went up and came down without changing the direction of its momentum.
[14:59]Hi, my name's Susan Young. I'm an engineer at Ford Motor Company and I work with these guys to help make cars safer.
[15:13]The tests are run here and they they simulate exactly what happens in a car crash.
[15:22]This is just regular tempera paint, poster paint, and we wet it down before the test and that way we can tell if his face hit anything in the car. We expected to hit the airbag and there's usually a pretty nice face print right on there if you use enough paint.
[15:43]Every time you get into your car and and you're on the road and the car's moving, you and the car both have momentum. When the car stops, you will keep moving.
[16:02]And this is where your seatbelt really becomes important because the seatbelt will stop you from moving.
[16:14]After the test, we get together with the other engineers and watch the film and analyze the data and make decisions about how to make the cars safer.
[16:36]How about a game of momentum?
[16:48]The momentum of the mallet gets transferred to the ball.
[17:00]Now is my chance to transfer momentum from my ball to his ball.
[17:09]See, even with my foot on my ball, keeping my ball from going up and down, momentum was still able to transfer through it this way.
[17:33]Not bad. Of course, the faster the mallet is moving, the more momentum you can transfer.
[17:56]When objects are moving, they have momentum. Like in this classic example, the pinball game of science. Not that bad. Not that bad. When I pull back this plunger and let it go, the momentum is transferred from the plunger to the ball. Check this out.
[18:29]Thanks a lot, Bill. You're welcome. Try this. Thread a string through a straw. Then tie the string to a couple things in your house. Then put two long pieces of adhesive tape on the straw like this. Now, inflate a balloon.
[18:52]Any balloon will work, but these long skinny ones are best.
[18:58]Tape the balloon to the straw.
[19:03]Now, the momentum of the air in the balloon going this way will equal the momentum of the taped straw balloon assembly going that way. Are you ready for some momentum? Three, two, one.
[19:20]Not bad.
[19:30]When things crash into each other, momentum can transfer, like this.
[19:39]When she hit the ground, her momentum transferred from her to the sand. That's why some sand scattered.
[19:56]I'm devastated that you're getting married. I just devastated. I thought I was the one. Yeah, well, I mean, The RV's momentum wins. Don't even bother tuning in next week.
[21:48]Well, that's our show. Thanks for watching. If you'll excuse me, I've got some mass and velocity to multiply. See ya.
