[0:00]Hello, I'm Dr. Ken Mogi, a neuroscientist and a visiting professor at the Toyota Technological Institute in Chicago. I'm the author of The Little Book of Ikigai, The Japanese Way to a Happy and Fulfilling Life, and I'm very happy to be here to tell you something about Ikigai and how the philosophy of Ikigai can help you lead a happy and fulfilling life. So first of all, what is Ikigai? Ikigai is a Japanese word for a reason for being, a reason to get up in the morning. And the word itself consists of two kanji characters, iki, which means life, and gai, which means value. So Ikigai is essentially the value of living. Now, the traditional definition of Ikigai in Japanese dictionaries is something that is worthwhile and that one enjoys doing. This definition of Ikigai has been around in Japan for hundreds of years, and it's something that we Japanese people take for granted. However, after I wrote The Little Book of Ikigai, I've had many occasions to discuss with people outside Japan, and I found that this traditional definition is probably not sufficient to fully explain what Ikigai is to people outside Japan. So I came up with five pillars of Ikigai. The first pillar is starting small. Many people try to achieve some very big, grand goal, but the philosophy of Ikigai tells us that you should always start small. Do things with a detail, with care, and also be able to be humble to enjoy the small things in life. For example, enjoying a cup of coffee in the morning or enjoying the morning sun on your face. All these small things in life can be a source of Ikigai, and we should be able to appreciate them. And the second pillar of Ikigai is releasing yourself. This means that we should try not to be too self-conscious, not to be too worried about how other people are seeing us. For example, in a working environment, if you are too concerned about how your boss or your colleagues are seeing you, then that's not good. You should try to be yourself and enjoy what you're doing without being too concerned about other people's views. This is a very important concept in Japanese culture, and it's also very important to understand that in order to be authentic and genuine, you should try to release yourself from the shackles of self-consciousness. The third pillar of Ikigai is harmony and sustainability. In Japan, we are very careful about doing things with others in harmony, and also to make sure that whatever we are doing is sustainable. For example, we are very careful not to impose our views onto others, and also to make sure that whatever we are doing is for the good of the community. And this concept of harmony is very important in Japanese society. And the fourth pillar is the joy of little things. This is very similar to starting small, but it emphasizes the importance of enjoying the small, everyday pleasures of life. For example, having a nice conversation with a friend, or enjoying a delicious meal. These are all small things, but they can bring us a lot of joy, and they can be a source of Ikigai. And the fifth and final pillar of Ikigai is being in the here and now. This means that we should try to focus on the present moment and not worry too much about the past or the future. Of course, it's important to learn from the past and to plan for the future, but we should not let these concerns overwhelm us. Instead, we should try to be fully present in whatever we are doing and to appreciate the moment. So these are the five pillars of Ikigai, and I hope that they can help you in your quest for a happy and fulfilling life. Thank you very much.