طلبِ علم و علوم أصلیہ میں صحیح منھج | علمی مہارت کا حصول | شیخ سیف اللہ ثناءاللہ

[0:08]Alhamdulillah-e-Rabbil-alameen, was-salat-o-was-salam-o-ala-nabiy-ul-ameen. Assalam-o-Alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu. Aaj se hum ek naya silsila shuru karne ja rahe hain aur ek naya safar. At-tariq-o-il-ul-Nabooh-e-ilmi. Ya'ni woh rasta, woh tariqa-e-kar jisse ek talib-e-ilm maharat-e-tamma aur yad-e-tula rakh sakega apne ilm mein ek girift, ek mazboot, jaandar ek sawabit par aur usoolon par woh qaim hoga. Woh kya tariqa-e-kar hai. Kyunke aaj kal talabat-ul-ilm to bahut hain. Ilm ke zauq rakhne wale, shauq rakhne wale bahut hain. Lekin ilm mein naboog hasil karne wale, farasat aur zaqawat aur intihah aur kamal par pahunchne wale bahut kam hain. Sipio mein chupe hue moti hain. Nayab aur bahut hi kamyab hote hain. Kam-dastiyab hote hain. To is mutalliq inshallah hum shuru karenge yeh kitab aur iska yeh mukhtasar mauzua'ti mutala hai. Hum ne lafzi tarjuma nahin karna. Hum ne ek-ek harf par nahin jaana, kyunke yeh almost teen sau dha'i yani saade teen sau safhe se tajavvuz karti hai kitab to humne pura nahin karna, lekin hum usmein se jo khulasat-ul-khulasa, zubdat-ul-zubda, butter of the butter jo usmein jo magz hai usko nikalne ki koshish karenge aur usko samajhne ki koshish karenge. To Sheikh ne, yani taqriban bees, yani das abwaab hain aur usmein unhone tafseeli baat ki hai to hum sabse pehla baab shuru karte hain. Jismein jo baab hai woh hai Al-Manhajiyat-o-fi-Talab-il-ilm. Ya'ni ilm hasil karne mein ek manhajiyat. Manhaj ka kya matlab hai? Rasta, tariqa. Ek tariqa-e-kar, ek framework, ek rasta woh kya hai? Woh jaise ki Sheikh farmate hain, ki Al-Manhajiyat-o-Al-Sahiha, woh kya hai? Woh yeh hai, do usool ke upar, Sheikh farmate hain do buniyad par. Ek, an-yakun-o-sa'eran-ala-manhaj-e-talab-il-laziy-sara-alayh-e-man-qablana-min-ahl-e-ilm. Ya'ni humse pehle jo ulama, jo fudala, jo salaf-e-saliheen jinhone woh rasta ikhtiyar kiya ilm ka, unke raste par chalna. Aur doosri cheez, an-yutina-nafsahu-ala-an-yakun-a-bazilan-lil-ilmi-waqtahu-wa-alla-yamall-a-mahma-kana-tariqu-tawila. Ya'ni apne aap ko is cheez ka aadi bana lena, apne aap ko is cheez ka apne andar yeh habit yeh aadat paida karna ke woh har waqt ilm ke liye apna waqt sarf kare. Ilm ke liye apne aap ko mashghool rakhe aur jaldi bore ya malal ka shikar na ho. Aur is par Sheikh ne, yani Imam Baghdadi ka ek qaul pesh kiya hai ke baaz talabat-ul-hadees wo baaz mashaikh ke majalis mein baithte.

[3:15]Kuch ya'ni ra'a-annahu-lam-yastafid-shaya, kuch talabat-ul-ilm mashaikh ke majalis mein baithte kai waqt tak, lekin koi faida nahin hota. Wa-lam-yahsul-kabira-ilm-in-fa'azama-ala-tarkih-e-fa-marra-ala-sakhrt-in-yaqturu-alayha-ma'un-qatrat-an-tilwa-qatrat-in-wa-qad-as'sara-zalikal-ma'u-fi-tilka-sakhrt-e-fa-hafara-fiha-hufratan-fa-tawaqqaf-a-mu'tabira-w-am-mut'ammilan-w-am-mutadabbira-fa-qal-al-ma'u-ala-latafat-e-he-qad-as'sar-a-fi-hazih-il-sakhrt-e-ala-kasafatih-a-wallah-e-laatlub-annal-ilm-a-fa-talaba-fa-adrak-ah. Ya'ni us talib-e-ilm ne kuch arsa woh Sheikh ke paas padhta, koi faida nahin hua to rasta chhod ke chala gaya. Phir jaa ke kya dekhta hai ki ek paani ka qatra gir raha hai, paani ka kuch qatra ek patthar par. Aur us paani jo kitni kamzor kitni latafat nazakat se bharpoor hai, itni halki si cheez us patthar sakht patthar par asar kar rahi hai. To unhone kaha ki agar yeh paani apne is halke-pan ke bawajood is patthar sakht patthar par asar kar rahi hai to main bhi inshallah talib-e-ilm karunga aur unhone itni talab-e-ilm hasil ki ke woh bhi kamal par pahunch gaye. To is liye talib-e-ilm ke liye zaruri hai, kyunki Sheikh bolte hain ki kai baar aisa hota hai talib-e-ilm ke motivation ko usko azimat usko is cheezon ki zarurat hoti hai woh bolte hain ki yaar main padh-padh ke thak gaya koi faida nahin hua. Uski wajah kya hai? Uski wajah yeh hai ki usne us ilm ko uske raste se nahin hasil kiya. To ab sawal yeh paida hota hai ki ma-hiya-al-Manhajiyat-o-Al-Sahiha-fi-talab-il-ilm? Sahi tariqa, sahi manhajiyat kya hai ilm ke husool mein? To Sheikh farmate hain number one, an-yakun-o-mukhlisan-lillah ki woh mukhlis ho Allah Ta'ala ke liye khalis kare. Isi liye ek sahi hadith mein kya aayi hai ki Inna-al-Malaikat-a-latazi'u-ajnihat-a-ha-li-talib-il-ilmi-rizwan-bima-yasna. Allah ke jo farishte hain woh talib-e-ilm ke liye par bichhate hain. Is cheez se ki woh ilm hasil kar rahe hain aur ilm ko nashar kar rahe hain. To bahut zaruri hai ki talib-e-ilm ke andar ikhlas ho. Isi liye su'ila-al-Imam-Ahmad, Imam Ahmad se pucha gaya ki ikhlas ilm mein ikhlas kaise hasil kare? To woh kehte Al-Ikhlas-o-fihi-an-yanwi-raf'a-al-jahalat-a-annafsihi-li-annahu-la-yastawi-alim-un-wa-jahul-un. Ikhlas yeh hai ki banda yeh niyat kare ki main apne aap ko jahalat se door karunga, kyunke alim aur jahil ek jaisa nahin hota. Qul-hal-yastawiy-allaziyna-ya'lamuna-wallaziyna-la-ya'lamun. Doosri cheez, an-yakun-o-rafiqan-fi-talab-il-ilm. Ya'ni ilm ke husool mein narmi ikhtiyar kare. Aur Rasoolullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam farmate hain Inna-Allah-Ta'ala-Rafiqun-yuhibb-ul-rifqa-fil-amr-e-kullih-e-wa-yu'ti-alar-rifq-e-ma-la-yu'ti-alal-unf-e-ki Allah Ta'ala ha'n ya'ni rafiq hain. Yuhibb-ul-rifq, Allah Ta'ala ko pasand hai ki banda narmi se pesh aaye har cheez mein. Wa-yu'ti-alar-rifq-e-ma-la-yu'ti-alal-unf-e. Jo Allah Ta'ala narmi se dete hain, narmi mein cheezen dete hain woh sakhti mein nahin dete. Isi liye Allah ke Nabi ne ek aur jagah farmaya ki Inna-al-rifq-a-la-yakunu-fi-shay'in-illa-zan-a-wa-la-nuza'a-min-shay'in-illa-shan-a. Agar narmi, agar miyana-rawi, agar achcha andaaz kisi bhi cheez mein hoga to woh usko muzayyan aur khubsurat bana deti hai. Aur jis cheez mein yeh nahin hogi woh usko badsurat bana deti hai. Achcha ab sawal yeh paida hota hai kaif-a-yakun-u-at-tarrafuq-u-fi-talab-il-ilm? Kaise ek banda talab-e-ilm mein narmi ikhtiyar kare? To Sheikh farmate hain, yakun-u-at-tarrafuq-u-fi-talab-il-ilm-e-bi-alla-yarum-u-talib-ul-ilm-a-al-ilm-a-jumlat-an. Rifq yeh hai, insaan apne upar raham, softness, narmi yeh kare ki woh ek dam sara ilm hasil karne ki koshish na kare. Theek hai na? Is liye woh ahista ahista. Is liye Imam Zuhri ne kya kaha? Yunus Ibn-e-Yazid ko la-tuka'abir-ul-ilm-a-f-inn-al-ilm-a-audiyat-un-fa-aiyuha-akhazt-ahu-fih-e-qata'a-bik-a-qabl-a-an-tablighahu-wa-lakin-khudh-hu-ma'a-al-layali-w-al-ayyam. Bolte hain ki yeh jo ilm hai yeh wadiya'n hain. To tum kisi bhi wadi mein jaoge, haan, to tum usse battarne ki koshish karoge to isi liye tum ek dam sara kuch na hasil karne ki koshish karo, balki din aur ayyam aur layali ke sath hasil karne ki koshish karo. Faman-la-takhuz-ul-ilm-a-jumlat-an-f-innama-man-rama-akhaz-ahu-jumlat-an-zahab-a-anhu-jumlat-an-wa-lakin-ya'khuz-u-ash-shay'a-ba'd-a-ash-shay'a-ma'a-al-layali-w-al-ayyam. Ya'ni woh keh rahe hain ki agar koi banda sab kuch ek sath lena chahega usko kuch bhi nahin milega. Agar aap ek sath ek hi raat mein muhaddis, faqih-e-asar, munazire-e-Islam, fatih-e-Qadiyan banna chahe to aakhir mein aapke hath kuch bhi nahin aayega. Aapke pallu mein kuch bhi nahin aayega. To is liye bahut zaruri hai ki talib-e-ilm yani ahista ahista ilm hasil kare. Misaal ke taur par ek talib-e-ilm tafseer ka ilm hasil karna chahta hai. Woh bajaye ki ibtidaayi cheezen hasil karne ki ek dam tafseer Ibn-e-Jarir-al-Tabari. Haan, kya hoga woh usmein us tarah nahin hasil kar payega jis tarah usko karna chahiye. Isi tarah ek banda fiqh hasil karna chahta hai, woh ek dam mugni padhne lag jata hai. Ya hadith padhna chahta hai to hadith mein woh nayl-ul-autar, Fath-ul-Bari. Lekin woh kya masla hai? Usmein uske zehan mein woh ilm nahin baith payega. To is liye bahut zaruri hai ki talib-e-ilm yani shuru mein detail mein na jaye. Bade bade cheezon mein apne aap ko buniyadi cheezon par rakhe aur isi liye ya'ni Allah Ta'ala ne jo Quran mein farmaya na, wa-lakin-kunu-Rabbaniyeen. Rabbani bano. Rabbani kya hai? Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn-e-Ismail Al-Bukhari Rahimahu Allah ne Sahih Bukhari mein iski tafseer ki hai. Ar-Rabbaniy-yu-huwa-al-laziy-yurabbiy-al-nas-a-bi-sghir-ul-ilm-e-qabl-a-kiba'r-e-hi. Rabbani shakhs kaun hai? Woh hai jo logon ko choti cheezen pehle sikhta hai badi se pehle. To is liye bahut zaruri hai ki talib-e-ilm in cheezon mein khayal rakhe aur teesri cheez, an-yakunu-mawasalan-fi-talab-il-ilm-e-ki woh talab-e-ilm ka waqt jaari-o-sari rakhe aur usmein apni usko priority mein shamil kare. Aur isi tarah Sheikh farmate hain ki talib-e-ilm yani apne auqaat ko yani yani taqseem kare ilm ke husool ke liye. Aur isi tarah yani yani Sheikh ne yeh bhi farmaya ki Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal Rahimahu Allah apne umar ke aakhri hisse mein bhi ilm hasil kar rahe the. Aur isi tarah bahut saare ulama aur fudala jo hain apne maut ke waqt ilm hasil karte the. Ab sawal yeh paida hota hai Ma-huwa-al-manhaj-o-fi-talab-il-ilm? Yani ilm ke husool mein kya manhaj hona chahiye? Iska jawab yeh hai ki shara'i uloom mukhtalif aur mutanavve hain aur iske do qism hain. Awwalan uloom-un-asliya. Asli uloom, buniyadi uloom. Doosri uloom-un-musa'ida. Woh uloom jo asli uloom ke khadim hain, jisko hum log uloom-ul-ala kehte hain aur baaz kehte hain uloom-un-san'aiya. Theek hai? Aur jo usool, uloom-e-shara'iya musa'ida jo madadgar hain woh kya hain? Usool-e-tafseer, usool-e-hadith, uloom-ul-Quran, Mustalah-al-Hadith, usool-e-fiqh, nahw, ilm-ul-lughat, is tarah ki cheezen.

[10:46]Theek hai ji? Isi tarah ek yani yeh buniyadi baaten hain. Ab sawal yeh paida hota hai ki tafseer mein hum kaise yani ta'aseel, kaise hum usmein manhajiyat hasil kare? To Sheikh farmate hain sabse pehli cheez jo ek talib-e-ilm ke liye zaruri hai tafseer mein ki woh bi-tafseer-in-mukhtasar-in-jiddan, sabse mukhtasar-tareen tafseer ko pakde. Theek hai? Khaaskar agar woh hafiz-e-Quran hai to woh bahut zyada yani mukhtasar padhe. To Sheikh farmate hain ismein normally ulama jo hain tafseer-e-Jalaleen ka woh intekhab karte hain. Mufid hai, nafe hai, lekin usmein kuch ta'wilat hain. Kyunke usko uski tasneef Jalaleen ne ki hai. Kaun Jalaleen? Jalaluddin Al-Mahalli wa Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti. To is liye in aayaat mein unki tafseer mein yani Jala, yeh Tafseer-e-Jalaleen mein kuch mahal-e-nazar cheezen hain. Toh is liye Sheikh farmate hain ki baaz ulama iski recommendation karte hain. To Sheikh farmate hain ki ibtidaayi taur par ek talib-e-ilm ke liye chahiye ki woh mukhtasar tafseer pakde, phir woh ab sawal yeh paida hota hai ki woh kaise yeh cheez pata kare ki ab yeh tafseer jo choti hai yeh mukammal ho gaya ab main doosri mein chala maru? To Sheikh farmate hain Al-jawab-u-istita'at-uka-an-tufassir-a-surat-a-ala-nafsik-a-masalan. Ya'ni aapke andar yeh istita'at paida ho jaye ki aap khud-ba-khud woh tafseer kar paaye. Ek surat ki. Misaal ke taur par Surah Al-Shamsi-w-Duhaha. Agar aap khud-ba-khud, aap us tafseer ko band karein aur khud-ba-khud tafseer karein, agar aap sahi tariqe se uski tafseer kar sakein bagair yani ya'ni luqnat ke bagair ya'ni lalchaaye bagair ya'ni atkhe aur sahi wazeh taur par, to aap samajh le ki ab aapne yeh ibtidaayi mukhtasar tafseer puri kar li hai. Ab aap iske baad thoda next level par jayein. Masalan Tafseer-e-Jalaleen ke baad Sheikh bolte hain Tafseer-e-Ibn-e-Sa'di ya Tafseer-ul-Baghawi ya Tafseer-e-Ibn-e-Kathir ya unmein se kisi mukhtasarat mein jismein yani ya'ni koi aitraz na ho is tarah ke. Toh isse kya hoga? Isse insaan ke andar yeh paida hoga ki agar woh Tafseer-e-Ibn-e-Kathir padhta hai aur Tafseer-e-Baghawi padhta hai aur woh uski tafseer karne lage to samajh le ki ab woh ek thode se next level par pahunch gaya hai. Aur ek lamhe baad, maslan main aapko ek misaal deta hu. Misaal ke taur par Urdu mein maslan, ek banda Quran wird padhta hai rozana para maslan, aur ek ho Khatam-ul-Tadabbur, tadabbur, tafseer, Khatam-ut-Tafseer. Ya'ni saal mein kam az kam ek tafseer padhe. Misaal ke taur par pehle saal Urdu mein agar padhna hai to hum padhenge Ahsan-ul-Bayan pehle saal. Phir uske baad main dekhunga ki kya main tarjuma tafseer kar paaya hu? Phir main kya karunga main uske baad next level pe jaunga, doosre level mein. Isi tarah phir insaan apne maratib aur apne level pe upar chale jata hai. Doosra jo ab Sheikh ne ek aur ta'seel aur tadarruj ke bare mein baat ki hai woh hai Ilm-ul-Tauheed. Ke kaifiyat-ut-ta'seel-e-wa-tadarruj-e-fi-ilm-it-tauheed. Tauheed mein kaise banda apne aap ko upar le jaye? Sheikh farmate hain At-Tauheed-o-qismaan, tauheed do qism ki hai. Ek hai Al-qism-ul-awwal-Al-aqidat-ul-ammah, aam tauheed, aam aqida. Doosra, qism-us-sani-tauheed-ul-ibadah, ibadat ki tauheed. Ya'ni Sheikh farmate hain ke haza-taqseem-ul-tauheed-e-min-haisu-huwa-ala-ilm-ul-aqidat-il-ammah, allifat-fiha-kutub. Ismein mukhtalif yani aqida-e-ammah mein mukhtalif kitaben hain. Misaal ke taur par Sheikh farmate hain Lum'at-ul-I'tiqad, Al-Wasatiyyah-li-Sheikh-ul-Islam-Ibn-e-Taymiyah. Wa-minha-Al-aqidat-ul-Tahawiyah. Tahawiyah. Isi tarah mukhtalif jo kitaben hain jismein arkan-e-iman, arkan-e-is tarah ke mukhtalif cheezen jismein zikr ki gayi hain. To aap kis tarah padhenge? Aqidat-o-ahl-e-sunnat-wal-Jama'ah, aap usko ek tarteeb se leke jayenge. Number one, ek mukhtasar kitab. Aap usko haan ek Sheikh ke paas padhenge. Agar aapko koi masla aaye to aap usmein sawal karenge. Misaal ke taur par Sheikh farmate hain, to takhuz-u-mukhtasar-an. Sabse pehle ek mukhtasar lenge, maslan Lum'at-ul-I'tiqad. Bolte hain isko yaad karein to badi achi baat hai, lekin agar yaad na ho to usko bar bar padhein. Aur Sheikh farmate hain ke kuch talaba aise hain jo nauzubillah jinke paas ilm nahin hai, lekin woh jaa ke fatawa padhne shuru ho jaate hain.

[15:17]Majmu-ul-Fatawa. Theek hai? Majmu-ul-Fatawa mein kai aise masail hain yani woh zaruri yeh hoti hai ki woh Ibn-e-Taymiyah ke kalam ko padh ke thoda shokhe marna chahta hai. Is liye zaruri hai ki talib-e-ilm yani Wasatiyyah, Hamawiyah, Lum'at-ul-I'tiqad. Phir Sheikh farmate hain, maslan Kutub-ul-Sunnah, salaf. Maslan Kitab-ul-Sunnah, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal ki, Al-Iman-li-Ibn-e-Mandah. Isi tarah Kitab-ut-Tauheed-li-Ibn-e-Khuzaymah, At-Tauheed-li-Ibn-e-Mandah, yeh saare bade masail, bade kitaben padhe. Haan. Theek hai na? Kyunke usmein hum ta'seeli guftugu ki hai. To usmein maslan banda jaanega ke ma'na kya hai, muraa, unka ma'na kya hai, unke kya misalen kya hain. To yeh sara bahut zaruri hai. Ab teesri cheez jo Sheikh baat kar rahe hain ilm-ul-Hadith mein. To Sheikh farmate hain sabse pehle ilm-ul-Hadith mein jo manhajiyat aur ta'seeliyat hai woh yeh hai ki number one, woh Arbaeen-e-Nawawi yaq kare. Theek hai na? Yani agar aap aaj kal ke bahut saare talaba se puchenge unhone Arbaeen-e-Nawawi tak yaad nahin ki. To is liye zaruri hai ki banda Arbaeen-e-Nawawi yaad kare.

[16:26]Aur yahi woh rasta hai, yani ya'ni ya'ni iska. Theek hai? Phir uske baad Sheikh farmate hain ki aap Arbaeen-e-Nawawi yaad karne ke baad usko Fatiha ki tarah yaad karein, phir uski shara Imam Nawawi ne ki hai woh dekhe aur isi tarah sharah Ibn-e-Daqeeq-al-Eid, isi tarah Ibn-e-Rajab-al-Hanbali ne bhi. Theek hai na? Kyunke yeh bahut zaruri hai. To Sheikh farmate hain ki agar aap ne kisi masjid mein dars shuru karna hai to Arbaeen-e-Nawawi ke shuru karein, phir uske baad aap jayenge Umdat-ul-Ahkam mein hadith mein, phir uske baad aap jayenge Bulugh-ul-Maram mein, agar yaad kar le to kya hi achi baat hai. Aur agar woh na ho sake to Umdat-ul-Ahkam yaad kar le. Phir uske baad aap jaa ke Kutub-ul-Sitta padhna shuru karenge asatiza ke paas. Lekin zaruri hai ki aap Kutub-ul-Sitta shuru na karein tab tak jab tak aap asatiza se isse pehle wali ibtidaayi kitaben na padh le hadith ki. Warna hamare yahan ek dam bacche chhalang marna shuru kar dete hain aur aakhir mein hath mein kuch bhi nahin hota. Allah Ta'ala hamein in baaton par gaur-o-fikr aur amal ki taufeeq de. Yeh humne mukhtasar mauzua'ti mutale mein, Alhamdulillah yeh abhi pehla hamara qist khatam hota hai. Inshallah agle qist mein milenge aur usmein hum maslan fiqh pe kaise ta'seel karein, baqi uloom mein kaise ta'seel karein, uske upar hum baat karenge. Jazakallah Khair, Barakallahu feekum wa aakhiru dawana anil hamdulillah-e-Rabbil-alameen wa sallallahu wa sallama ala nabiyina Muhammad. Wa Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu.