[0:00]Hello friends, you all are welcome to your own YouTube channel Pharma MCQ. So what have I brought for you in today's video? See, your SSB ASI Pharmacist exam was conducted on December 27th, right? So first of all, a big thank you to all of you who provided your answer keys. Thanks from the bottom of my heart for sharing your answer keys with me, okay? So, in this, we have 100 questions on pharmacy, which are our technical subject questions. So in this, we will see what kind of questions were asked, okay? So let's start. And before starting, if you are new to the channel, you have not subscribed to the channel, please subscribe to the channel, like the video, share it, comment and press the bell icon. So that you can get notifications of upcoming videos, okay? So technical subject questions start from here. See, the first question in this is psoriasis, a chronic skin condition, is characterized by. So what happens in psoriasis? Increased production of sebum leading to acne, autoimmune destruction of hair follicles leading to alopecia, rapid growth of epidermal cells leading to thick, scaly skin or hyperactive melanocytes causing skin darkening? Okay, so the answer given in this is option three, rapid growth of epidermal cells leading to thick, scaly skin. Okay, so I will tell you the answers as per the answer key. If you have any doubt in any question, you can tell me, okay? The rest of the answers I will tell you according to the answer key. Next is acne vulgaris is primarily associated with: overproduction of keratin blocking hair follicles, hypersensitivity reactions to skin products, dysfunction of the sweat glands or excessive dryness of the skin? Okay, so it will be option A, overproduction of keratin blocking hair follicles. Next is The Philadelphia chromosome is a hallmark genetic feature of which of these? Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic myeloid leukemia? Answer is option four, chronic myeloid leukemia. Next is which medication is commonly used for the management of menopausal symptoms? Oral contraceptive pills, metformin, insulin, hormone replacement therapy? Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Next is energy-giving, bodybuilding, protective and regulatory functions refers to which type of food function? Cultural functions, psychological function, physiological functions, social functions? So, these energy-giving, bodybuilding, protective and regulatory functions come under physiological functions. This question was also asked in your AIIMS exam. Next question is what characteristic is common to all Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) provided by manufacturers with medication packages? They are written in a promotional style to advertise the medication. They follow a standard template including similar types of information for every medication. They contain personalized recommendations for each individual patient. Or they primarily focus on the financial costs associated with the medication? Okay, so its answer will be option two, they follow a standard template including similar types of information for every medication. Next is question number seven, what is the primary pathophysiological change in the eye associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Clouding of the lens leading to cataract formation, increased intraocular pressure leading to glaucoma, degeneration of the macula leading to central vision loss or progressive damage to the optic nerve? So its answer will be option three, degeneration of the macula leading to central vision loss. Next, what is the primary mechanism of action of tamoxifen in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer? Tamoxifen and toremifene are selective estrogen receptor modulators that you study in the anti-cancer drug classification.
[4:06]So, it is saying to tell the primary mechanism of tamoxifen. See, it inhibits the synthesis of estrogen, it activates progesterone receptors, it acts as an estrogen receptor agonist, or it acts as an estrogen receptor antagonist? So option four will be estrogen receptor antagonist. Next is which drug is commonly used as an oral anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? See, the drug is an oral anticoagulant and how does it work? It inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. So, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, heparin or warfarin? So your option four will be warfarin, okay? Next is what is the primary action of magnesium sulfate when used as an antiarrhythmic agent? So how does magnesium sulfate act? Inhibiting adrenergic activity, calcium channel blocking, potassium channel blocking or sodium channel blocking? So option two is given here, calcium channel blocking. Next is when counseling about OTC pain relievers, it is important for pharmacists to warn about the risk of: overuse leading to potential liver or kidney damage, excessive weight gain, rapid addiction development or inevitable progression to stronger prescription painkillers? So, during counseling about OTC pain relievers, what will the pharmacist warn about? So, option one is given right, overuse leading to potential liver or kidney damage. Next is what is the primary mechanism of action of SSRIs in the treatment of depression? You know the full form of SSRI is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is clear from its name what its mechanism is. See, enhancing GABAergic transmission, increasing the breakdown of monoamines, blocking dopamine receptors or blocking reuptake of serotonin in the brain? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, they are inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, so its name itself tells you option four. Next is during inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm muscle?
[6:17]Contracts and moves downward, contracts and moves upward, relaxes and moves downward or relaxes and moves upward? So when we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This is given as right. Next is which gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system due to its role in controlling the functions of many other endocrine glands? Our master endocrine gland is the pituitary, so option one will be right. Next is according to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985, the Consultative Committee constituted by the Central Government shall not exceed dash members. So it should not exceed 20 members in this, okay? So see, the questions of your jurisprudence, I have made a video of 150 questions of jurisprudence, okay? And by the way, this is a question asked in your AIIMS Patna exam. This question was asked in the recent AIIMS exam, right? Next is your question in the development of atherosclerosis, a key initiating event is. So, in the development of atherosclerosis, see in the options, option three is given right, endothelial injury and the subsequent accumulation of lipids. Next is which condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, often affecting the ileum and the beginning of the colon? Okay, so option four is given Crohn's disease. Next is Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is primarily treated with: So, what will be given to treat the infection of hepatitis C virus? Option one is given, direct-acting antivirals will be given, okay? Next is in the male reproductive system, testosterone is produced primarily by which structure? So testosterone is produced from our Leydig cells. So see, Leydig cells in the testes, from there testosterone is produced. Next question is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is another question on SSRIs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used in the treatment of which of these diseases? Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder? So our SSRIs are used in major depressive disorders. Next is what is a unique side effect of calcium channel blockers used in hypertension? So, what is the unique side effect of calcium channel blockers that you use in hypertension? So, see, bronchoconstriction, dry cough, hyperkalemia or gingival hyperplasia? So option four is given, gingival hyperplasia. Next is question, what is the primary role of calcium ions in skeletal muscle contraction? What is the role of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction? So see, option three is given right, they facilitate the binding of myosin to actin. Next question is what is the primary function of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system? What is the primary function of myelin sheath in the central nervous system? Option two is given right, facilitating the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. Next is polycythemia vera is characterized by: So, in this, there is excessive production of RBCs. The production of red blood cells increases excessively in polycythemia vera. Next is the concept of 'antibiotic stewardship' primarily aims to: So option four is given right, optimize the use of antibiotics to combat resistance. Next is gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the accumulation of: In gout, what accumulates? Uric acid crystals, right? Option two. Next is which pharmaceutical aid is commonly used as a suspending agent to enhance the physical stability of suspensions? So, this is our suspending agent. So our xanthan gum, option one is given right, okay? Next is which antibiotic is known for its broad-spectrum activity and inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit? So, in your broad-spectrum antibiotic, option one is azithromycin. Option is given, its one is given right, okay? Next is which hypoglycemic agent works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues? So, these are increasing insulin sensitivity. So, our option one, metformin, okay? Next is what is the primary advantage of using effervescent granules in pharmaceutical formulations? What is the primary advantage of using effervescent granules in pharmaceutical formulations? Option one is faster onset of action due to rapid dissolution, okay? Next question is what is the mechanism of action of methotrexate as an antineoplastic agent? What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate as an antineoplastic agent? So, it causes inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. Our methotrexate is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Next is which drug is commonly used glucocorticoid hormone antagonist in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome? So, it will be mifepristone. Next is which CNS drug is commonly prescribed for its anxiolytic effect without the risk of sedation and addiction commonly associated with benzodiazepines? It says that benzodiazepines cause sedation and addiction. So, which CNS drug will be commonly prescribed for its anxiolytic effect without the risk of these, you know, sedation and addiction? So this is buspirone. Buspirone, gipirone, ispapirone, these are like azaspirodecanediones. So buspirone is such a CNS drug that is anxiolytic and does not cause sedation and addiction, okay? Next question is a drug derived from the plant 'Digitalis purpurea' is classified under which taxonomical group? So this is derived from Digitalis. Digitalis comes under glycosides. So option two will be glycoside. Next is celiac disease is primarily caused by an immune reaction to: So this will be option four, gluten. Next is in prescription handling, the term "DUR" refers to Drug Utilization Review, which is important for: So, Drug Utilization Review is important for what? See, option four is given, identifying potential drug interactions, contraindications, or other clinical issues. Next is which antifungal agent is commonly used as a topical treatment for dermatophytic infections? So, for the topical treatment of dermatophytic infections, our antifungal drug is option one, ciclopirox. Next is the counter-current multiplier system in the kidney is crucial for which function? Answer option one, concentrating urine. It concentrates urine. Next is amphotericin B is particularly effective against systemic fungal infections due to its ability to:
[13:17]What does amphotericin B do? It binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, forming pores. Next is the International Nonproprietary Names (INN) system is used to: Option one will be, create a unique global standard for the identification of pharmaceutical substances. Next is what is the mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib in cancer treatment? Next is what is the mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib in cancer treatment? Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. So, what is its mechanism? See, they block specific enzymes involved in cancer cell growth and survival. Next is in the context of health promotion, primary prevention typically includes: Okay, so option four is measures to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Next is in pharmaceutical filtration, what is the purpose of using a precoat layer in a filter? Okay, so in filtration, it is asking about the purpose of using a precoat layer. It is to prevent filter medium clogging. Next question is according to the Poisons Act 1919, which authority is primarily responsible for classifying a substance as a "poison"?
[14:30]So this is option three, State Government. Next is what is the primary function of the left ventricle in the heart? What is the primary function of the left ventricle in the heart? So, it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Next is omega-3 fatty acids, primarily found in fish, are known to benefit heart health. What is one of their key actions? So, option four will be decreasing blood clotting. Next is which strategy is effective in improving medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases? Option two, reducing the frequency of dosing. Next is in Medication Therapy Management, the term 'polypharmacy' is particularly important as it refers to: What is polypharmacy? Practice of using multiple medications by a patient, potentially leading to adverse effects. Next is bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, are commonly used in the treatment of: Bisphosphonates are used for what? For osteoporosis, option two. Next is the phenomenon of 'tachyphylaxis' refers to: Tachyphylaxis is a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated doses over a short period, okay? Next is sublingual administration of a drug is primarily used when: So, when is a drug given by sublingual route? When a rapid systemic effect is desired, bypassing first-pass metabolism, okay? So, when first-pass metabolism is to be bypassed and a rapid systemic effect is desired, the sublingual route is used, like glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is given in angina, right? Next is which nutrient plays a critical role in the formation of collagen, wound healing, and maintaining the integrity of skin and mucous membranes? So, it is a question about vitamins. For collagen synthesis, you need vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid. Next is which ocular drug is used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis? To treat bacterial conjunctivitis, your ocular drug is moxifloxacin. Next is which excipient is primarily used to increase the viscosity of liquid oral preparations like syrups? So, to increase the viscosity of syrups, we will use what? Methylcellulose, option four. Next is which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template? See, DNA makes RNA. What is the process called when DNA makes RNA? It is called transcription. Next is tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between which two chambers of the heart? Your tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Next is which of the given concepts of health view it as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and diseases as a maladjustment of the human organism to the environment? So this is the ecological concept. This question was also asked in the AIIMS exam. Next is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with which of the following endocrine disorders? So this will be option one, diabetes mellitus. Next is which of the following is a primary treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection? So this is metronidazole, option three. Next is glycolysis, the first step in cellular respiration, occurs in which part of the cell? Glycolysis occurs in our cytoplasm, and the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria, remember, right? Next is in the handling of radiopharmaceuticals, which regulatory agency's guidelines are primarily followed to ensure safety? Answer is option one, Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Next question is under the Pharmacy Practice Regulations 2015, which of the following is a mandatory requirement for a pharmacy? Provision of a consultation area separate from the dispensing area. Option one, okay? Next is what is the primary mechanism of action of aluminum hydroxide as an antacid? What is the primary mechanism of action of aluminum hydroxide, which is used as an antacid? Option four, it neutralizes gastric acid by increasing gastric pH. Next is the primary role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in water and electrolyte balance is to: What is the primary role of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? So, it increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. Next question is which agent is primarily used for prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections due to its action on bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells? Answer is option one, nitrofurantoin. Next is which class of drug is most commonly used as the first-line treatment for glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure? This will be option four, prostaglandin analogs. Next is according to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940, which of the following does not fall under the definition of Misbranded drugs? So this is also repeated from the AIIMS exam, right? Okay, so if it is not labeled in the prescribed manner, it is. If it's so colored, coated, powdered or polished that damage is concealed or if it is made to appear of better or greater therapeutic value than it really is, this is also. Imitation, substitute, resembles drugs, all this is written as the definition of spurious, okay? So in not, option three will come, okay? Next question is which layer of the skin contains nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands? So which layer of the skin contains nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands? So this is our dermis, okay? Next question is hemophilia is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the body's ability to: Clot blood. Option two. Next is in the context of pharmaceutical packaging, which test is crucial for determining the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a packaging material? So for this, option one, gravimetric method. Next is which of the following is true about the elected members of the Pharmacy Council of India? This is also a question from your AIIMS exam. AIIMS Patna question, okay? So it is saying that among the elected members of PCI, which statement is true? Option two is one member elected by the State Council, who shall be a registered pharmacist. This statement is written correctly. Next is which antibiotic class is primarily associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, especially when used in high doses or with other nephrotoxic drugs?
[20:49]So, which antibiotic causes nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity? These are our aminoglycoside antibiotics, which are nephrotoxic and ototoxic, right? Next is which inorganic pharmaceutical agent is classified as a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist? What is a non-selective beta-blocker? In beta-blockers, you know that the ones ending with '-lol' come. In non-selective, your propranolol is given. Next is antipsychotic medications are primarily used in the treatment of which psychiatric disorder? So, antipsychotic medications are used for what? For schizophrenia, option one. Next is repeating unit of a myofibril, known as the sarcomere, is defined by which two structures? Option two, Z-line and M-line. Next is which inorganic compound is commonly used as a drying agent in topical formulations for its astringent properties? Aluminum acetate, option three. Next is one common cause of prescription errors is the use of ambiguous abbreviations. This can lead to errors primarily in: Option one, drug dispensing. Next is type of drug distribution system in which drugs are given to patients from the nursing station and the pharmacy supplies from the drug store, this is also a question from your AIIMS exam. Floor stock system will be option four. Next is what is the primary site of action of loop diuretics like furosemide in the kidney?
[22:27]What is the primary mechanism of furosemide? It inhibits the sodium, potassium, two chloride cotransporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, okay? Next is which urinary antiseptic is known for its efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens in the urinary tract without achieving significant systemic levels? Option four, fosfomycin. Next is enzyme kinetics are often studied using the Michaelis-Menten equation. What does the Michaelis constant (Km) indicate? What does Km indicate? Option two, substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of its maximum. Next is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an example of: Option one will be, a bacterium that has acquired resistance to certain antibiotics. Next is fight or flight response is primarily mediated by which part of the nervous system? Somatotic nervous system, central nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system or sympathetic nervous system? So option four will be sympathetic nervous system. Next is which antihypertensive drug class works by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II? So, the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is blocked by our ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, option two. Next is in the human eye, what is the function of the lens? What is the function of the lens? The lens focuses light onto the retina. Next is a drug classified as a 'HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor' is primarily used for which therapeutic purpose? So, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are your statins. So, they are antihyperlipidemic, right? Next is teratogenic effects of a drug refer to:
[24:23]So, teratogenic effect means what? A drug that causes abnormality to the fetus, right? So, teratogenic effect is the potential to cause developmental defects in an embryo or fetus. Next is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for protecting the brain from potentially harmful substances. What cell type is primarily responsible for forming the BBB? So, your astrocytes, right? Next question is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a substrate is known as a: An enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a substrate is our kinases. Next is in hospital pharmacy, a closed-loop drug distribution system primarily aims to: Option four, reduce medication errors from prescribing to administration. Next is which chemotherapeutic agent is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of various cancers? Option three, melphalan. Next is which of the following is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Option two, tamsulosin. Next is in drug nomenclature, what does the 'generic name' of a drug refer to? So, the generic name is the official name of the drug, regardless of the manufacturer. Next is which type of toxicology is concerned with gathering toxicological information from animal experimentation? So, option one, descriptive toxicology. This is also a question from the AIIMS exam. Next is which hematinic is primarily used in the treatment of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency? So, for megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, which hematinic will be given? Option one will be cyanocobalamin, okay? Next is which part of the heart is responsible for initiating the heartbeat and setting the pace for the cardiac cycle? Option two, SA node, sinoatrial node. Next question is clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly include: So, what happens in systemic lupus erythematosus? Option two, malar rash and joint pain. Okay, so these were our 100 questions that were asked in the SSB Pharmacist exam, okay? So, you all have your answer keys, so you all who gave the exam, please comment your marks, so that we can know the cutoff, okay? So that's all for this video. If you liked the video, please like it, share it, comment and if you are new to the channel, I request you to please subscribe to the channel, okay? Thank you.
